Association between concussion and mental health in former collegiate athletes

Table 5 Prevalence ratios and prevalence differences of depression, by self-reported total concussion history ^a

Total concussions	n	Crude PR		Adjusted PR		Crude PD		Adjusted PD
Total concussions	n	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PD	95% CI	PD	95% CI
Depression (PHQ-9)^b
0	463	1		1		0		0
1	142	2.0	(0.8, 4.7)	1.6	(0.7, 3.7)	0.03	(-0.01, 0.07)	0.00	(-0.03, 0.03)
2	67	3.7	(1.5, 9.0)	2.4	(0.9, 6.3)	0.07	(0.00, 0.15)	0.03	(-0.02, 0.09)
3+	90	3.2	(1.4, 7.4)	2.4	(1.0, 5.7)	0.06	(0.00, 0.12)	0.04	(-0.01, 0.09)

NOTE: PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression; PR = Prevalence ratio; PD = Prevalence difference; CI = Confidence interval.
^aTotal concussions includes all sport- and non-sport-related concussions.
^bExcludes respondents with PHQ-9 scores <10 that reported being currently treated/medicated for depression (n = 28);
models utilize split where 0 = <10 on PHQ-9, 1 = ≥10 on PHQ-9 (score ≥10 indicates moderate to severe depression). Models predicting PRs utilized binomial regression. Models predicting PDs utilized linear regression; adjusted models control for alcohol dependence and family history of depression.

ISSN: 2197-1714