Association between concussion and mental health in former collegiate athletes

Table 7 Prevalence ratios and prevalence differences of depression, by self-reported college and professional sport concussion history

Number of concussions ^a	n	Crude PR		Adjusted PR		Crude PD		Adjusted PD
Number of concussions ^a	n	PR	95% CI	PR	95% CI	PD	95% CI	PD	95% CI
Depression (PHQ-9)^b
0	655	1		1		0		0
1	65	0.7	(0.2, 2.8)	0.6	(0.2, 2.5)	-0.01	(-0.06, 0.03)	-0.07	(-0.06, 0.03)
2	21	1.1	(0.2, 7.5)	1.2	(0.2, 9.5)	0.00	(0.09, 0.10)	0.10	(-0.06, 0.13)
3+	26	3.5	(1.3, 9.2)	3.4	(1.5, 7.5)	0.11	(-0.03, 0.25)	0.04	(-0.08, 0.20)

NOTE: PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression; PR = Prevalence ratio; PD = Prevalence difference; CI = Confidence interval.
^aTotal concussions includes all concussions sustained during participation in college and professional sports.
^bExcludes respondents with PHQ-9 scores <10 that reported being currently treated/medicated for depression (n = 28);
models utilize split where 0 = <10 on PHQ-9, 1 = ≥10 on PHQ-9 (score ≥10 indicates moderate to severe depression). Models predicting PRs utilized binomial regression. Models predicting PDs utilized linear regression; adjusted models control for alcohol dependence and family history of depression.

ISSN: 2197-1714