Table 1 Cohort characteristics

Age (years)

38.3 ± 14.4 (range 15–64)

35.9 ± 12.8

38.3 ± 14.5

0.001

Gender (male)

22,606 (76.8 %)

224 (70.4 %)

22,382 (76.9 %)

<0.001

Race

 American Indian/Alaska Native

318 (1.1 %)

 White

18,423 (62.6 %)

 Black or African American

5600 (19.0 %)

 Asian

572 (1.9 %)

 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

114 (0.4 %)

 Hispanic

3700 (12.6 %)

 Other

706 (2.4 %)

Insurance

<0.001

 Private insurance

14,764 (50.2 %)

94 (29.6 %)

14,670 (50.4 %)

 Uninsured

5671 (19.3 %)

50 (15.7 %)

5621 (19.3 %)

 Medicaid

4926 (16.7 %)

93 (29.2 %)

4833 (16.6 %)

 Medicare

1355 (4.6 %)

13 (4.1 %)

1342 (4.6 %)

 Other

1582 (5.4 %)

13 (4.1 %)

1569 (5.4 %)

 Other government

1135 (3.9 %)

55 (17.3 %)

1080 (3.7 %)

Rehabilitation service (Y)

15,417 (52.4 %)

203 (63.8 %)

15,214 (52.3 %)

<0.001

Probability of death

0.11 ± 0.15 (range 0.00–0.98)

0.14 ± 0.15

0.11 ± 0.15

0.001

HLOS (days)

14.4 ± 18.2 (range 1–314)

17.3 ± 17.5

14.4 ± 18.2

0.004

ICULOS (days)

10.3 ± 13.3 (range 1–314)

11.6 ± 11.9

10.3 ± 13.3

0.109

Ventilation (days)

14.0 ± 17.0 (range 1–219)

13.9 ± 13.7

14.0 ± 17.1

0.970

Discharge destination

0.001

 Rehabilitation, long-term care

13,866 (47.1 %)

179 (55.9 %)

13,687 (47.0 %)

 Home without services

11,884 (40.4 %)

100 (31.4 %)

11,784 (40.5 %)

 Home with services

886 (3.0 %)

3 (0.9 %)

883 (3.0 %)

 Skilled nursing facility

1551 (5.3 %)

25 (7.9 %)

1526 (5.2 %)

 Transfer to short-term general hospital

856 (2.9 %)

10 (3.1 %)

846 (2.9 %)

 Transfer to acute care center

211 (0.7 %)

2 (0.6 %)

209 (0.7 %)

 Left against medical advice

179 (0.7 %)

0

179 (0.7 %)