Risk markers for fatal and non-fatal prescription drug overdose: a meta-analysis

Table 7 Risk markers for prescription drug overdose stratified by study characteristics

	Age < 25			Age 35-44			Age 45-54			Age 55 and older
	N	Random effects	95% CI	N	Random effects	95% CI	N	Random effects	95% CI	N	Random effects	95% CI
Unadjusted OR	14	0.27	0.20, 0.37	14	1.52	1.31, 1.76	14	1.38	1.18, 1.61	14	0.37	0.29, 0.48
Outcome definition
Fatal overdose	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Fatal and nonfatal overdose	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Study Design
Case control	5	0.60	0.43, 0.83	5	1.54	1.26, 1.88	5	1.26	0.90, 1.76	5	0.30	0.12, 0.72
Cohort	1	0.34	0.21, 0.55	1	2.54	2.20, 2.93	1	1.83	1.60, 2.11	1	0.19	0.16, 0.22
Cross-sectional	8	0.17	0.14, 0.21	8	1.41	1.22, 1.64	8	1.39	1.12, 1.72	8	0.47	0.38, 0.58
Quality Assessment Score
High (7-10)	5	0.56	0.38, 0.81	5	1.78	1.35, 2.33	5	1.33	0.98, 1.80	5	0.24	0.11, 0.55
Low (0-6)	9	0.18	0.15, 0.23	9	1.39	1.21, 1.61	9	1.40	1.14, 1.71	9	0.47	0.39, 0.58
Study Outcome
Medication overdose	6	0.22	0.17, 0.27	6	1.57	1.23, 1.99	6	1.67	1.47, 1.90	6	0.35	0.20, 0.61
Prescription opioid overdose	6	0.34	0.14, 0.83	6	1.64	1.40, 1.93	6	1.25	0.85, 1.83	6	0.42	0.26, 0.68
Overdose of any substance	2	0.25	0.12, 0.51	2	1.09	1.03, 1.16	2	1.09	0.76, 1.56	2	0.28	0.07, 1.11
Exclusions
Bohnert et al. 2011 and Paulozzi et al.	12	0.23	0.17, 0.32	12	1.53	1.30, 1.79	12	1.48	1.26, 1.73	12	0.44	0.35, 0.57

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