From: Initiation of antihypertensive monotherapy and incident fractures among Medicare beneficiaries
ACE n = 40,186 | ARB n = 10,954 | BB n = 36,972 | CCB n = 18,411 | THZ n = 16,106 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cohort | Cohort | SMRW | Cohort | SMRW | Cohort | SMRW | Cohort | SMRW | |
Mean Age, std. (years) | 74, 6.7 | 75, 6.7 | 74, 12.9 | 75, 7.0 | 74, 7.1 | 76, 7.4 | 75, 10.0 | 75, 7.0 | 75, 10.8 |
Mean Frailty Index, std | 0.1, 0.1 | 0.1, 0.1 | 0.1, 0.2 | 0.1, 0.1 | 0.1, 0.1 | 0.1, 0.2 | 0.1, 0.2 | 0.1, 0.1 | 0.1, 0.2 |
Male | 42.0 | 36.6 | 41.5 | 41.7 | 42.2 | 37.8 | 42.1 | 29.3 | 42.4 |
White Race | 87.1 | 79.0 | 87.3 | 88.8 | 86.9 | 81.8 | 86.9 | 86.5 | 87.2 |
Low-Income Subsidy | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.2 |
1–2 Meds Filleda | 61.3 | 62.4 | 61.8 | 58.6 | 61.4 | 59.8 | 62.5 | 66.9 | 62.5 |
3–4 Meds Filleda | 27.7 | 26.5 | 27.4 | 28.7 | 27.2 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 24.7 | 26.5 |
5 + Meds Filleda | 11.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 11.4 | 13.0 | 11.3 | 8.5 | 11.1 |
Loop Diuretic | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 6.4 |
Antiarrhythmic | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.0 |
Antidepressantb | 15.2 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 15.6 | 15.4 | 15.5 |
Antipilepticb | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.4 |
Anxiolytic | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 |
Benzodiazpeneb | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
Bisphosphonate | 10.6 | 12.4 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 13.0 | 10.8 |
Antipsychoticb | 3.5 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
Skeletal Muscle Relaxantb | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
Opioid | 27.0 | 26.2 | 27.4 | 30.2 | 27.2 | 29.5 | 27.5 | 28.0 | 28.2 |
Hypnoticb | 6.1 | 7.9 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.2 |
Diabetes | 31.6 | 30.6 | 31.0 | 19.0 | 32.8 | 18.3 | 31.4 | 13.5 | 32.9 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 8.7 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 9.4 | 13.1 | 9.3 | 6.3 | 9.8 |
Parkinson’s Disease | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
Alzheimer’s Disease | 3.2 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.6 |
Osteoporosis | 14.1 | 17.3 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 14.1 | 17.4 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 14.6 |
Arrhythmia | 10.5 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 32.9 | 10.6 | 25.4 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 11.6 |
Osteoarthritis | 14.4 | 17.8 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 14.7 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 15.1 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 2.5 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
Stroke | 13.7 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 15.0 | 16.4 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 14.9 |
Myocardial Infarction | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
Hypertension | 83.3 | 88.2 | 83.5 | 63.3 | 84.3 | 78.6 | 85.3 | 76.8 | 85.0 |
Orthostatic Hypotension | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Syncope | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 4.3 |
Dementia | 5.8 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
Urinary Incontinence | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
Dyslipidemia | 64.8 | 70.2 | 64.2 | 64.0 | 65.7 | 58.2 | 65.3 | 57.2 | 65.3 |
Obesity | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.4 |
Home Oxygen Use | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
Walker/Wheelchair Use | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
Hospital Bed Use | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Difficulty Walking | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
Vertigo | 11.5 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 14.5 | 12.1 | 14.1 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.1 |
Ambulance Transport | 6.9 | 4.7 | 6.8 | 12.4 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 7.3 | 5.4 | 7.5 |
Cancer Screenings | 41.0 | 39.2 | 40.9 | 39.3 | 40.4 | 35.5 | 40.6 | 43.6 | 40.1 |
Hospital Admissions | 13.2 | 10.1 | 13.2 | 25.5 | 13.6 | 23.8 | 13.4 | 10.0 | 14.3 |