Epidemiology of asphyxiation suicides in the United States, 2005–2014

Yau, Rebecca K.; Paschall, Mallie J.

doi:10.1186/s40621-017-0131-x

Injury Epidemiology

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of asphyxiation suicide decedents, United States 2005–2014

From: Epidemiology of asphyxiation suicides in the United States, 2005–2014

	Total	Column %	2005		2006		2007		2008		2009		2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		10-year IRR (95% CI)
			N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate	N	Rate
Total	25,270	100.0%	1966	2.9	2045	3.0	2256	3.3	2292	3.3	2545	3.6	2647	3.7	2716	3.8	2813	3.9	2815	3.8	3175	4.3	1.47 (1.39, 1.57)
Sex ^a
Male	20,203	79.9%	1574	5.1	1681	5.4	1858	5.9	1877	5.9	2048	6.3	2110	6.5	2162	6.6	2208	6.6	2227	6.6	2458	7.2	1.40 (1.31, 1.48)
Female	5066	20.0%	392	1.1	364	1.0	398	1.1	414	1.1	497	1.3	537	1.4	554	1.4	605	1.5	588	1.5	717	1.8	1.85 (1.64, 2.08)
Race
White, NH	19,402	76.8%	1471	3.0	1555	3.2	1685	3.4	1772	3.6	1984	4.0	2021	4.1	2104	4.2	2202	4.4	2156	4.3	2452	4.9	1.62 (1.51, 1.74)
Black, NH	1732	6.9%	158	1.6	153	1.5	163	1.6	152	1.4	157	1.5	183	1.7	172	1.6	167	1.5	209	1.8	218	1.9	1.24 (1.05, 1.47)
Asian/PI, NH	667	2.6%	^c	4.1	^c	5.9	39	8.6	59	4.9	65	5.7	^c	6.7	^c	4.8	^c	7.7	77	6.9	^c	7.0	1.67 (1.27, 2.18)
Other, NH ^b	1306	5.2%	97	^d	124	^d	152	^d	127	^d	136	^d	150	^d	146	^d	137	^d	121	2.3	^d	^d	^d
Hispanic	2124	8.4%	188	3.3	165	2.7	212	3.4	174	2.6	203	3.0	223	3.1	222	3.0	220	2.9	247	3.2	270	3.4	1.08 (0.92, 1.26)
Unknown, NH	39	0.2%	^c	^d	^c	^d	5	^d	8	^d	0	^d	^c	^d	^c	^d	^c	^d	5	^d	^c	^d	^d
Age (years)
10–14	494	2.0%	^c	0.9	^c	0.8	^c	0.6	38	0.7	^c	0.8	50	0.9	^c	0.9	56	1.0	62	1.1	^c	1.2	1.67 (1.23, 2.27)
15–19	2029	8.0%	178	3.2	166	2.9	173	3.0	198	3.4	206	3.5	215	3.7	200	3.5	228	4.0	217	3.9	248	4.4	1.49 (1.28, 1.74)
20–24	2873	11.4%	279	5.1	250	4.5	253	4.5	238	4.3	286	5.1	289	5.0	312	5.3	324	5.4	302	5.0	340	5.6	1.21 (1.06, 1.37)
25–29	2761	10.9%	212	4.1	235	4.5	268	5.0	241	4.4	274	4.9	301	5.4	291	5.1	319	5.6	312	5.5	308	5.3	1.33 (1.17, 1.52)
30–39	5083	20.1%	405	3.7	443	4.1	503	4.7	451	4.2	516	4.8	483	4.5	524	4.8	553	5.1	571	5.2	634	5.7	1.47 (1.33, 1.62)
40–49	5419	21.4%	441	3.7	474	3.9	538	4.5	526	4.4	556	4.7	589	5.0	606	5.2	584	5.0	519	4.5	586	5.2	1.38 (1.20, 1.58)
50–59	4084	16.2%	214	2.1	248	2.4	281	2.7	388	3.6	442	4.0	425	3.8	469	4.1	464	4.0	543	4.6	610	5.1	2.42 (1.97, 2.96)
60–69	1464	5.8%	78	1.3	95	1.5	108	1.6	122	1.7	126	1.7	170	2.2	156	1.9	188	2.2	172	2.0	249	2.7	1.96 (1.58, 2.43)
70+	1039	4.1%	103	1.6	90	1.3	96	1.4	90	1.3	95	1.4	114	1.6	107	1.5	97	1.3	117	1.5	130	1.6	1.10 (0.89, 1.35)
Unknown	24	0.1%	^c	^d	^c	^d	^c	^d	0	^d	^c	^d	11	^d	^c	^d	0	^d	0	^d	^c	^d	^d
Education
Less than high school	3850	15.2%	312	^d	361	^d	346	^d	306	^d	403	^d	429	^d	388	^d	357	^d	379	^d	569	^d	^d
High school graduate	5524	21.9%	332	^d	381	^d	425	^d	484	^d	515	^d	610	^d	622	^d	673	^d	600	^d	882	^d	^d
Some college	2724	10.8%	153	^d	172	^d	199	^d	205	^d	218	^d	286	^d	334	^d	343	^d	287	^d	527	^d	^d
College graduate	1906	7.5%	105	^d	115	^d	158	^d	130	^d	181	^d	215	^d	242	^d	228	^d	197	^d	335	^d	^d
Unknown	11,898	47.1%	1148	^d	1073	^d	1181	^d	1168	^d	1247	^d	1107	^d	1131	^d	1225	^d	1501	^d	1117	^d	^d

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, IRR incident rate ratio, NH non-Hispanic, PI Pacific Islander
^aThere was one decedent of unknown sex
^bIncludes American Indian/Alaska Native, Other, and Two or more races
^cCell counts suppressed due to counts fewer than five deaths
^dRate and IRR not calculated because of lack of population estimates for demographic group

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