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Table 5 Sex-specific rates of sports/recreation-related injuries and proportions of TBI among school-age children: NC, 2010–2014

From: Characteristics of sports and recreation-related emergency department visits among school-age children and youth in North Carolina, 2010–2014

Injury sport/recreational activitya,b

Sex

Boys

Girls

No.

Rate (95% CI)c

% with TBI

P-valued

No.

Rate (95% CI)c

% with TBI

P-valued

Team sports

56,562

1231.9 (1221.8–1242.1)

12.5

0.32

16,256

369.4 (363.8–375.1)

12.9

<.001

 American tackle football

23,603

514.1 (507.5–520.7)

14.9

<.001

817

18.6 (17.3–19.9)

6.9

<.001

 Basketball

18,204

396.5 (390.8–402.3)

7.7

<.001

5137

116.7 (113.6–120.0)

12.7

<.001

 Soccer

5930

129.2 (125.9–132.5)

13.6

0.02

4177

94.9 (92.1–97.8)

16.1

<.001

 Baseball/softball

5315

115.8 (112.7–118.9)

14.9

<.001

3524

80.1 (77.5–82.8)

11.1

0.52

 Volleyball

288

6.3 (5.6–7.0)

6.9

0.004

1420

32.3 (30.6–34.0)

9.6

0.14

 Lacrosse/field hockey

695

15.1 (14.1–16.3)

22.6

<.001

188

4.3 (3.7–4.9)

26.6

<.001

 Touch/flag football

519

11.3 (10.4–12.3)

17.0

0.003

117

2.7 (2.2–3.2)

13.7

0.31

 Rugby

232

5.1 (4.4–5.7)

29.3

<.001

53

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

32.1

<.001

 Other team sports

1776

38.7 (36.9–40.5)

11.9

0.36

823

18.7 (17.5–20.0)

12.2

0.21

Individual sports

5023

109.4 (106.4–112.5)

12.0

0.17

1139

25.9 (24.4–27.4)

8.6

0.02

 Wrestling

3256

70.9 (68.5–73.4)

12.9

0.55

316

7.2 (6.4–8.0)

7.9

0.10

 Martial arts

361

7.9 (7.1–8.7)

12.5

0.94

164

3.7 (3.2–4.3)

6.7

0.09

 Racquet

90

2.0 (1.6–2.4)

10.0

0.46

96

2.2 (1.8–2.7)

6.3

0.15

 Golf

111

2.4 (2.0–2.9)

15.3

0.39

48

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

18.8

0.08

 Boxing

144

3.1 (2.7–3.7)

6.3

0.02

12

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

8.3

>.99

 Bowling

52

1.1 (0.9–1.5)

1.9

0.02

54

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

0.0

0.004

 Track and field

59

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

6.8

0.24

41

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

9.8

>.99

 Other individual sports

950

20.7 (19.4–22.0)

10.0

0.02

408

9.3 (8.4–10.2)

10.3

0.74

Fall/struck by/against in sports

18,414

401.0 (395.3–406.9)

17.2

<.001

5518

125.4 (122.1–128.7)

17.7

<.001

Other team/individual sports, NEC

496

10.8 (9.9–11.8)

10.7

0.20

283

6.4 (5.7–7.2)

10.6

0.92

Dancing and rhythmic movement

587

12.8 (11.8–13.9)

8.9

0.006

4930

112.0 (108.9–115.2)

11.1

0.48

 Cheerleading

38

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

10.5

>.99

2042

46.4 (44.4–48.5)

18.1

<.001

 Gymnastics

250

5.4 (4.8–6.2)

10.4

0.30

1546

35.1 (33.4–36.9)

6.3

<.001

 Other dancing/rhythmic movement

299

6.5 (5.8–7.3)

7.4

0.006

1342

30.5 (28.9–32.2)

5.9

<.001

Cardio and strength training

8601

187.3 (183.4–191.3)

9.5

<.001

6810

154.7 (151.1–158.5)

5.7

<.001

 Running

5257

114.5 (111.4–117.6)

11.4

0.009

3872

88.0 (85.3–90.8)

6.2

<.001

 Walking

1930

42.0 (40.2–44.0)

8.4

<.001

2381

54.1 (52.0–56.3)

5.2

<.001

 Other cardio

152

3.3 (2.8–3.9)

6.6

0.03

168

3.8 (3.3–4.4)

2.4

<.001

 Strength training

1258

27.4 (25.9–29.0)

3.4

<.001

383

8.7 (7.9–9.6)

5.2

<.001

 Yogae

<10

<10

Play/unstructured activities

9633

209.8 (205.7–214.0)

8.8

<.001

8575

194.9 (190.8–199.0)

7.0

<.001

 Fall from playground equipment

6150

133.9 (130.6–137.3)

9.9

<.001

5660

128.6 (125.3–132.0)

8.4

 

 Trampoline

2420

52.7 (50.6–54.8)

5.4

<.001

2203

50.1 (48.0–52.2)

2.9

<.001

 Frisbee

119

2.6 (2.2–3.1)

10.1

0.41

33

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

18.2

0.16

 Jumping rope

43

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

11.6

0.85

104

2.4 (2.0–2.9)

3.8

0.02

 Activities involving physical games

901

19.6 (18.4–20.9)

10.3

0.04

575

13.1 (12.0–14.2)

9.4

0.28

Pedal cycle

14,561

317.1 (312.0–322.3)

13.4

0.004

6420

145.9 (142.4–149.5)

9.3

<.001

 Nontraffic

12,757

277.8 (273.1–282.7)

13.3

0.02

5832

132.5 (129.2–136.0)

9.1

<.001

 Traffic

845

18.4 (17.2–19.7)

21.1

<.001

160

3.6 (3.1–4.2)

25.6

<.001

 Unspecified

959

20.9 (19.6–22.3)

7.8

<.001

428

9.7 (8.8–10.7)

5.8

<.001

Activities involving water

2397

52.2 (50.2–54.3)

14.4

0.006

1492

33.9 (32.2–35.7)

14.4

<.001

 Waterskiing

133

2.9 (2.4–3.4)

26.3

<.001

79

1.8 (1.4–2.2)

27.8

<.001

 Other activities involving water

2264

49.3 (47.3–51.4)

13.7

0.10

1413

32.1 (30.5–33.8)

13.7

<.001

Other recreational activities

19,297

420.3 (414.4–426.3)

12.3

0.15

11,475

260.8 (256.0–265.6)

11.1

0.27

 Roller skating/ skateboarding

8012

174.5 (170.7–178.4)

11.0

<.001

4364

99.2 (96.3–102.2)

4.9

<.001

 Snow/off-road vehicles

4541

98.9 (96.1–101.8)

15.1

<.001

1935

44.0 (42.1–46.0)

16.4

<.001

 Snow skiing, snowboarding, etc.

2470

53.8 (51.7–56.0)

17.7

<.001

1304

29.6 (28.1–31.3)

14.4

<.001

 Animal being ridden

627

13.7 (12.6–14.8)

16.9

0.001

1887

42.9 (41.0–44.9)

22.2

<.001

 Scooter

1321

28.8 (27.3–30.4)

12.5

0.91

1164

26.5 (25.0–28.0)

7.6

<.001

 Air gun

1380

30.1 (28.5–31.7)

2.2

<.001

213

4.8 (4.2–5.5)

1.4

<.001

 Climbing/rappelling

946

20.6 (19.3–22.0)

7.0

<.001

608

13.8 (12.8–15.0)

6.9

0.002

Place of recreation/sport

9434

205.5 (201.4–209.7)

10.7

<.001

5602

127.3 (124.0–130.7)

10.3

0.23

Total

145,005

3158.2 (3141.9–3174.5)

12.6

–

68,500

1556.6 (1545.0–1568.3)

10.8

–

  1. Missing: 13 missing sex
  2. Abbreviations: No. number, CI confidence interval, TBI traumatic brain injury, NEC not elsewhere classifiable
  3. aAmong ED visits with more than one sports and recreation-related E-code, categorization was based on the most specific E-code. In instances when two or more E-codes were the same level of specificity, categorization was based on the first-listed E-code
  4. bSport/recreational activity designations have been abbreviated for display; for complete descriptions, please see Table 1
  5. cPopulation-based incidence rates are per 100,000 person-years
  6. dPearson chi-square tests (expected cell counts > 5) and Fisher’s Exact tests used (expected cell counts < 5) were used for calculation of p-values
  7. eIn order to protect patient anonymity, cells with counts of 1–9 ED visits are suppressed
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Injury Epidemiology

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