Characteristics | Cases (n = 3772) | Controls (n = 7544) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | ||
Number of ED visits under four years of age | |||||
1 | 1245 | 33.0 | 3713 | 49.2 | < 0.001 |
2 to 3 | 1305 | 34.6 | 2470 | 32.7 | |
4 or more | 1222 | 32.4 | 1361 | 18.0 | |
Sex | |||||
Female | 2033 | 53.9 | 4048 | 53.7 | 0.81 |
Male | 1739 | 46.1 | 3496 | 46.3 | |
Race/Ethnicity | |||||
White | 1156 | 30.7 | 1686 | 22.4 | < 0.001 |
Black or African American | 514 | 13.6 | 859 | 11.4 | |
Hispanic | 1846 | 48.9 | 4269 | 56.6 | |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 97 | 2.6 | 393 | 5.2 | |
Other | 159 | 4.2 | 337 | 4.5 | |
Insurance Type | |||||
Private insurance | 766 | 20.3 | 2102 | 27.9 | < 0.001 |
Public insurance | 2617 | 69.4 | 4654 | 61.7 | |
Uninsured | 389 | 10.3 | 788 | 10.5 | |
Area of residency | |||||
Urban | 2069 | 54.9 | 4717 | 62.5 | < 0.001 |
Rural | 1703 | 45.2 | 2827 | 37.5 |