Table 1 Univariate associations between proposed risk factors and concussion
Any Concussion % (n) Mean (SD) Median [IQR] | Sport % (n) Mean (SD) Median [IQR] | Academy Training % (n) Mean (SD) Median [IQR] | Free Time % (n) Mean (SD) Median [IQR] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sport Level | ||||
Varsity | 9.14% (268)*** | 5.81% (169)*** | 1.82% (53)** | 0.96% (28) |
Club | 7.09% (132) | 4.25% (79) | 1.99% (37) | 0.97% (18) |
Intramural | 5.65% (301) | 1.23% (65) | 2.85% (151) | 1.09% (58) |
Sex | ||||
Female | 11.30% (227)*** | 4.36% (105)*** | 3.91% (94)*** | 2.24% (54)*** |
Male | 5.84% (460) | 2.83% (217) | 1.95% (150) | 0.81% (62) |
Contact Levela | ||||
Contact | 8.12% (144)*** | |||
Limited-Contact | 3.83% (14) | |||
Non-Contact | 1.55% (11) | |||
Freshman | ||||
Yes | 13.38% (369)*** | 5.02% (137)*** | 6.77% (185)*** | 1.43% (39) |
No | 4.82% (355) | 2.51% (184) | 0.79% (58) | 1.05% (39) |
Site | ||||
1 | 6.15% (280)*** | 3.31% (150)** | 1.66% (75)*** | 0.95% (43) |
2 | 9.00% (421) | 3.45% (160) | 3.60% (167) | 1.40% (65) |
3 | 2.71% (25) | 1.30% (12) | 0.22% (2) | 0.87% (8) |
Previous Concussion | ||||
Yes | 10.72% (215)*** | 5.39% (107)*** | 3.37% (67)** | 1.46% (29)* |
No | 5.92% (475) | 2.50% (200) | 2.14% (171) | 0.94% (75) |
Headaches in past 3 months | ||||
Yes | 11.18% (251)*** | 4.64% (103)*** | 4.64% (103)*** | 1.31% (29) |
No | 5.67% (438) | 2.64% (203) | 1.77% (103) | 0.96% (74) |
Diagnosed Migraine Headache | ||||
Yes | 11.37% (29)** | 5.16% (13) | 3.97% (10) | 1.98% (5) |
No | 6.77% (659) | 3.02% (292) | 2.37% (229) | 1.00% (97) |
Diagnosed ADD/ADHD | ||||
Yes | 12.95% (18)** | 3.65% (5) | 7.30% (10)** | 1.46% (2) |
No | 6.73% (661) | 3.06% (299) | 2.36% (230) | 1.02% (100) |
Diagnosed Depression | ||||
Yes | 13.46% (14)** | 3.88% (4) | 5.83% (6)* | 2.91% (3) |
No | 6.83% (676) | 3.07% (302) | 2.38% (234) | 1.01% (99) |
Brief Sensation Seeking Scale | 3.37 (0.66) | 3.38 (0.69) | 3.35 (0.57) | 3.46 (0.76) |
Baseline SCAT Symptoms | ||||
Number | 2.00 [0.00–6.00]*** | 2.00 [0.00–5.00]*** | 4.00 [1.00–9.50]*** | 2.00 [0.00–5.00] |
Severity | 4.00 [0.00–11.00]*** | 2.00 [0.00–9.00]*** | 7.00 [1.50–18.00]*** | 3.00 [0.00–7.00]* |
Baseline BSI Total | 39.00 [36.00–48.00]*** | 36.00 [36.00–47.00]* | 45.00 [36.00–52.00]*** | 36.00 [36.00–45.00] |
Somatization | 42.00 [42.00–50.00]*** | 42.00 [42.00–48.00]** | 48.00 [42.00–58.00]*** | 42.00 [41.00–48.00] |
Depression | 42.00 [42.00–45.00] | 42.00 [42.00–45.00] | 42.00 [42.00–48.00]*** | 42.00 [40.00–45.00]* |
Anxiety | 39.00 [39.00–47.00] | 39.00 [39.00–47.00] | 39.00 [39.00–48.00]*** | 39.00 [38.00–45.00] |