Table 1 Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) e-liquid nicotine-related poisoning events in the United States (2013–2017)
Characteristics | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2013–2017 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unweighted N | N (%) | Unweighted N | N (%) | Unweighted N | N (%) | Unweighted N | N (%) | Unweighted N | N (%) | Unweighted N | N (%) | |
All | 13 | 181b | 36 | 1000b | 33 | 1736 | 25 | 1416 | 9 | 411b | 116 | 4745 |
Age | ||||||||||||
Less than 2 years old | 6 | 121 (66.9) | 18 | 462 (46.2) | 15 | 782 (45.0) | 17 | 979 (69.1) | 6 | 322 (78.4) | 62 | 2667 (56.2) |
2–4 years | 7 | 60 (33.1) | 18 | 538 (53.8) | 18 | 954 (55.0) | 8 | 437 (30.9) | 3 | 89 (21.6) | 54 | 2078 (43.8) |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Males | 7 | 59 (32.5) | 21 | 477 (47.7) | 19 | 1010 (58.2) | 14 | 776 (54.8) | 6 | 252 (61.3) | 67 | 2574 (54.3) |
Females | 6 | 122 (67.5) | 15 | 523 (52.3) | 14 | 726 (41.8) | 11 | 640 (45.2) | 3 | 159 (38.7) | 49 | 2171 (45.7) |
Race | ||||||||||||
White | 9 | 130 (71.9) | 20 | 465 (46.5) | 18 | 1063 (61.2) | 14 | 778 (54.9) | 7 | 327 (79.6) | 68 | 2763 (58.2) |
Black | 0 | – | 2 | 29 (2.9) | 3 | 200 (11.5) | 0 | – | 1 | 5 (1.2) | 6 | 233 (4.9) |
Other/mixed race | 0 | – | 0 | – | 2 | 161 (9.3) | 2 | 157 (11.1) | 0 | – | 4 | 317 (6.7) |
Unknown | 4 | 51 (28.1) | 14 | 507 (50.7) | 10 | 313 (18.0) | 9 | 482 (34.0) | 1 | 80 (19.3) | 38 | 1432 (30.2) |
Disposition | ||||||||||||
Treated and admitted to a hospital | 1 | 7 (3.7) | 4 | 51 (5.1) | 4 | 52 (3.0) | – | – | 2 | 84 (20.4) | 11 | 194 (4.1) |
Treated and released | 11 | 160 (88.1) | 31 | 943 (94.3) | 29 | 1684 (97.0) | 25 | 1416 (100) | 7 | 327 (79.6) | 103 | 4530 (95.5) |
Left without being seen | 1 | 15 (8.2) | 1 | 6 (0.57) | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 21 (0.43) |
Route of exposure | ||||||||||||
Ingestion | 13 | 181 (100) | 31 | 852 (85.2) | 33 | 1736 (100) | 25 | 1416 (100) | 9 | 411 (100) | 111 | 4597 (96.9) |
Dermal | 0 | – | 3 | 43 (4.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 858 (2.6) |
Othera | 0 | – | 1 | 6 (0.57) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 (0.12) |
Unknown | 0 | – | 1 | 100 (10.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 100 (2.1) |