Table 1 Short description of drowning stages, according to Szpilman classification (Szpilman et al., 1997 and 2012)
Stage | Symptomatology |
|---|---|
0 (rescue) | None |
1 | Cough, normal pulmonary auscultation |
2 | Cough, rales in some pulmonary fields |
3 | Acute pulmonary edema with normal blood pressure |
4 | Acute pulmonary edema, hypotension or shock |
5 | Respiratory arrest and/or coma |
6 | Cardiac arrest |