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Table 1 Population characteristics for teen driver participants in the National Roadside Survey (NRS), 2013–2014

From: Marijuana use in U.S. teen drivers: a comparison of a road-side survey of reported use and fluid tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

 

THC Test Results (Oral Fluid and/or Blood)a

 
 

Negative Test (all means)

Positive Test (any means)b

Total1

 
 

n (%)

 

Chi Square (p-value)

Total (n)

575

91

718

 

Demographic Characteristics

 Age (yrs)

   

0.02

  16–17

132 (23.0)

11 (12.1)

154 (21.5)

 

  18–19

443 (77.0)

80 (87.9)

564 (78.6)

 

 Gender

   

0.04

  Male

349 (61.0)

65 (72.2)

446 (62.5)

 

  Female

223 (39.0)

25 (27.8)

268 (37.5)

 

 Race/Ethnicity

   

0.28

  White, Non-Hispanic

416 (72.4)

69 (75.8)

523 (72.8)

 

  Black, Non-Hispanic

70 (12.2)

15 (16.5)

91 (12.7)

 

  Hispanic

64 (11.1)

NR

77 (10.7)

 

  Asian, Non-Hispanic

NR

NR

19 (2.7)

 

  More than one/Other

NR

NR

NR

 

 Region

   

0.45

  South

147 (25.6)

19 (20.9)

182 (25.4)

 

  Northeast

80 (13.9)

17 (18.7)

108 (15.0)

 

  Midwest

181 (31.5)

32 (35.2)

223 (31.1)

 

  West

167 (29.0)

23 (25.3)

205 (28.6)

 

 Education level

   

0.025

  Less than high school

187 (26.0)

18 (19.8)

174 (26.1)

 

  High school graduate

176 (30.6)

42 (46.2)

237 (33.0)

 

  College

235 (40.9)

29 (31.9)

281 (39.1)

 

  Other/Unknown

NR

NR

11 (1.5)

 

 Vocational status

   

0.003

  Employed, full time

126 (21.9)

34 (37.3)

175 (24.4)

 

  Employed, part time

283 (49.2)

38 (41.8)

344 (47.9)

 

  Not employed, student

89 (15.5)

NR

101 (14.1)

 

  Unemployed, not student

23 (4.0)

NR

33 (4.6)

 

  Other

54 (9.4)

NR

65 (8.9)

 

 Household income

   

0.004

  0 < $25,000

170 (29.6)

41 (45.1)

232 (32.4)

 

  $25,001 < $50,000

117 (20.4)

20 (22.0)

145 (20.2)

 

  $50,001 < $75,000

84 (14.6)

12 (13.2)

102 (14.2)

 

  $75,001 < $100,000

NR

NR

75 (10.5)

 

  $100,001 or more

77 (13.4)

13 (14.3)

93 (13.0)

 

  Did not answer

57 (9.9)

NR

70 (9.8)

 

 Time of year

   

0.0004

  June to August

196 (34.1)

14 (15.4)

210 (31.5)

 

  September to March

379 (65.9)

77 (84.6)

456 (68.5)

 

 State Medical Marijuana Law (MML) characteristics

   

0.03

  States without MMLs

379 (65.9)

63 (69.2)

474 (66.0)

 

  States with MMLs & state-regulated dispensary

75 (13.0)

18 (19.8)

106 (14.8)

 

  States with MMLs plus leniency provisions

121 (21.0)

NR

138 (19.2)

 

 Seatbeltc

   

0.40

  Lap and shoulder

530 (92.1)

82 (90.1)

662 (92.2)

 

  Other, belted

40 (7.0)

NR

51 (7.1)

 

  Not belted

NR

NR

NR

 

 Passengers (Y,N)

   

0.009

  Absent

293 (51.0)

33 (36.3)

352 (49.0)

 

  Present

282 (49.0)

58 (63.7)

366 (51.0)

 
  1. aOral and blood THC tests were missing for 52 study participants who completed the survey
  2. bOral THC values have a cutoff value of 2 ng/mL & blood THC values have a cutoff value of 1 ng/mL (Kelley-Baker, et.al 2017)
  3. cFisher’s exact test generated p-values; NR Not reported due to small numbers