|
Variables
|
CWD b (95%CI)
|
Prevalence Ratios (95%CI)
|
|---|
|
Crude
|
Adjustedc
|
|---|
|
Overall
|
53 (51, 55)
| | |
|
Cellphone laws
|
|
No ban
|
57 (55, 60)
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
|
Young driver ban
|
54 (51, 57)
|
0.94 (0.87, 1.00)
|
1.05 (1.00, 1.10)
|
|
Concurrent bansd
|
44 (41, 47)
|
0.76 (0.71, 0.83)
|
0.81 (0.76, 0.86)
|
|
Age (Years)
|
|
15
|
29 (23, 34)
|
0.72 (0.59, 0.88)
|
0.65 (0.56, 0.75)
|
|
16
|
40 (38, 42)
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
|
17
|
57 (54, 60)
|
1.42 (1.32, 1.52)
|
1.54 (1.47, 1.60)
|
|
≥ 18
|
63 (59, 67)
|
1.57 (1.46, 1.70)
|
1.68 (1.61, 1.77)
|
|
Sex
|
|
Female
|
52 (50, 55)
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
|
Male
|
53 (51, 55)
|
1.02 (0.96, 1.07)
|
1.01 (0.97, 1.04)
|
|
Race
|
|
White
|
60 (58, 62)
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
|
Black or African American
|
42 (37, 47)
|
0.70 (0.63, 0.77)
|
0.67 (0.61, 0.74)
|
|
Hispanic/Latino
|
45 (41, 49)
|
0.75 (0.70, 0.81)
|
0.77 (0.72, 0.82)
|
|
Othere
|
43 (38, 48)
|
0.71 (0.64, 0.79)
|
0.74 (0.69, 0.80)
|
|
Percent of students in rural areas
| |
1.01 (1.01, 1.01)
|
1.01 (1.01, 1.01)
|
|
Year
|
|
2013
|
57 (54, 59)
|
Reference
|
Reference
|
|
2015
|
54 (52, 57)
|
0.93 (0.88, 0.97)
|
0.93 (0.88, 0.97)
|
|
2017
|
50 (47, 54)
|
0.94 (0.89, 1.01)
|
0.94 (0.89, 1.01)
|
|
2019
|
44 (43, 46)
|
0.95 (0.90, 1.01)
|
0.95 (0.90, 1.01)
|
- CI Confidence Interval;
- aData were from state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys in 14 states (2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019), the United States.
- bWeighted percentage of calling while driving (CWD): Percentage of students that reported talking on a phone while driving at least once during the 30 days before the survey (among students who drove).
- cModel adjusted for cellphone laws, age, sex, race, percent of students in rural area, and survey year.
- dConcurrent bans: both a handheld calling ban and a young driver ban.
- eOther included: American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and Multiple- Non-Hispanic/Latino
