| |
Entire Cohort n = 654
|
Minority Children n = 361
|
White Children n = 293
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)*
|
8.0 [4.0–13.0]
|
8.4 [4.0–13.0]
|
8.0 [3.5–12.5]
|
p = 0.027
|
|
Gender (male)
|
434 (66.4%)
|
193 (65.9%)
|
241 (66.8%)
|
p = 0.876
|
|
Estimated Household Income Below Poverty Level (yes)
|
165 (25.3%)
|
152 (42.1%)
|
13 (4.4%)
|
p < 0.001
|
|
Trauma Activation (full)
|
102 (15.6%)
|
67 (18.6%)
|
35 (11.9%)
|
p = 0.027
|
|
Trauma Type
| | | |
p < 0.001
|
|
Blunt
|
589 (90.1%)
|
308 (85.3%)
|
281 (95.9%)
| |
|
Penetrating
|
62 (9.5%)
|
50 (13.9%)
|
12 (4.1%)
| |
|
Thermal
|
3 (0.5%)
|
3 (0.8%)
|
0 (0.0%)
| |
|
Intentional Trauma (yes)
|
77 (11.8%)
|
64 (17.7%)
|
13 (4.4%)
|
p < 0.001
|
|
ISS#
|
4 [1–9]
|
2 [1–9]
|
5 [1–10]
|
p < 0.001
|
|
GCS$
|
15 [15–15]
|
15 [15–15]
|
15 [15–15]
|
p = 0.917
|
|
Mechanism of Injury^
| | | |
p < 0.001
|
|
Pedestrian**
|
172 (26.3%)
|
133 (36.9%)
|
39 (13.3%)
| |
|
Motor Vehicle Accident
|
125 (19.1%)
|
65 (18.0%)
|
60 (20.5%)
| |
|
Fall (estimated < 10 ft)**
|
82 (12.5%)
|
27 (7.5%)
|
55 (18.8%)
| |
|
Gunshot Wound**
|
57 (8.7%)
|
50 (13.9%)
|
7 (2.4%)
| |
|
Fall (estimated > 10 ft)
|
54 (8.3%)
|
31 (8.6%)
|
23 (7.8%)
| |
|
Recreational Vehicle
|
50 (7.6%)
|
6 (1.7%)
|
44 (15.0%)
| |
|
Sports**
|
48 (7.3%)
|
14 (3.9%)
|
34 (11.6%)
| |
|
Assault
|
29 (4.4%)
|
19 (5.3%)
|
10 (3.4%)
| |
|
Other
|
31 (4.7%)
|
12 (3.3%)
|
19 (6.5%)
| |
- Abbreviations and Definitions: ISS injury severity score, GCS Glasgow Coma Score, “Minority” defined as Black (n = 338), Hispanic ethnicity (n = 10), Native American (n = 1) or “other” (n = 12) race; “Below Poverty Level” defined as living in a ZIP code where the estimated median annual household income for a family of 4 is less than the 2014 federal poverty level (<$23,850); “Other” mechanism of injury included 9 subjects injured by a horse, 8 injured with a projectile (excluding bullets), 6 stabbing injuries, 5 crush injuries, 2 burn injuries, and 1 dog bite; *2 subjects with missing age data; #6 subjects with unknown ISS; $6 subjects with unknown GCS; ^6 subjects with unknown injury mechanism; **mechanism of injury categories found to be different (p < 0.05) in post-hoc analyses; data presented as median [interquartile range] or n (%)
