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Table 3 Comparisons by light conditions (day versus night) for youth and adult ATV crash victims as documented in the Iowa Statewide ORV Database

From: The dark side of nighttime all-terrain vehicle use

 

Youth

  

Adult

  

Day

Night

 

Day

Night

 

N (Row%)

444 (87%)

66 (13%)

 

1020 (71%)

407 (29%)

 

Variable

n (Col%)a

n (Col%)a

p value

n (Col%)a

n (Col%)a

p value

Sex

 Male

318 (72%)

40 (62%)

0.085

843 (83%)

327 (81%)

0.29

 Female

124 (28%)

25 (38%)

 

174 (17%)

79 (19%)

 

Seating

 Operator

256 (65%)

31 (65%)

0.29

760 (91%)

268 (82%)

< 0.0001

 Passenger

100 (28%)

17 (35%)

 

78 (9%)

59 (18%)

 

Helmet

 Yes

61 (21%)

7 (16%)

0.46

101 (17%)

25 (10%)

0.011

 No

227 (79%)

36 (84%)

 

498 (83%)

224 (90%)

 

Alcoholb

 Positive

6 (2%)

2 (5%)

0.60c

93 (13%)

133 (44%)

< 0.0001

 Negative

242 (98%)

35 (95%)

 

609 (87%)

168 (56%)

 

 Not tested/Unknown

111

18

 

171

52

 

Season

 Winter

27 (6%)

3 (5%)

0.021

101 (10%)

52 (13%)

0.046

 Spring

121 (27%)

9 (14%)

 

267 (26%)

92 (23%)

 

 Summer

205 (46%)

31 (47%)

 

429 (42%)

154 (38%)

 

 Fall

91 (20%)

23 (35%)

 

223 (22%)

109 (27%)

 

Weekday

 Weekday (Mon-Thu)

162 (36%)

18 (27%)

0.14

379 (37%)

99 (24%)

< 0.0001

 Weekend (Fri-Sat)

282 (64%)

48 (73%)

 

641 (63%)

308 (76%)

 

Location

 Roadway

159 (44%)

27 (56%)

0.10

386 (46%)

173 (52%)

0.074

 Off-road

204 (56%)

21 (44%)

 

450 (54%)

160 (48%)

 

Road surface

 Paved

53 (41%)

15 (65%)

0.032

163 (47%)

59 (39%)

0.11

 Unpaved

76 (59%)

8 (35%)

 

186 (53%)

92 (61%)

 

Crash mechanism

 ATV-ATV collision

25 (7%)

9 (17%)

0.0042

30 (3%)

24 (7%)

0.0002

 ATV-MV collision

59 (16%)

2 (4%)

 

121 (14%)

26 (7%)

 

 ATV-Object collision

53 (14%)

12 (22%)

 

97 (11%)

56 (16%)

 

 Non-collision

241 (64%)

31 (57%)

 

632 (72%)

251 (70%)

 

Fell/Ejected

 Yes

133 (65%)

24 (67%)

0.86

268 (60%)

108 (67%)

0.14

 No

71 (35%)

12 (33%)

 

175 (40%)

53 (33%)

 

Hit/Pinned

 Yes

42 (18%)

7 (19%)

0.82

146 (26%)

37 (17%)

0.008

 No

193 (82%)

29 (81%)

 

425 (74%)

185 (83%)

 

Fatality

 Yes

15 (3%)

0 (0%)

0.24c

54 (5%)

30 (7%)

0.13

 No

429 (97%)

66 (100%)

 

962 (95%)

374 (93%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: all-terrain vehicle, ATV; column percent, Col%; MV, motor vehicle; off-road vehicle, ORV
  2. aColumn total may not equal group N due to missing data
  3. bAlcohol test results are only from the Department of Transportation and State Trauma Registry datasets: Youth/Day N = 359; Youth/Night N = 55; Adult/Day N = 873, Adult/Night N = 353
  4. cFisher’s Exact test