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Table 2 Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Positive Alcohol or Drug Screening Results, N = 1025

From: Patterns of alcohol and drug utilization in trauma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic at six trauma centers

Characteristics, n (%)

Period 1, N = 518 (50%)

Period 2, N = 507 (49%)

P-value

Sex, (male)

373 (72%)

371 (73%)

0.68

Race (white) (missing 58)

  

0.15

 White

343 (71%)

329 (68%)

 

 Black

106 (22%)

109 (22%)

 

 Other

32 (7%)

49 (10%)

 

Age range, years

  

0.44

 18–20

21 (4%)

31 (6%)

 

 21–34

162 (32%)

152 (30%)

 

 35–64

244 (47%)

243 (48%)

 

  ≥ 65

91 (18%)

81 (16%)

 

Mechanism of injury

  

0.05

 Fall

167 (32%)

147 (29%)

 

 Motor vehicle crash

132 (25%)

122 (24%)

 

 Motorcycle crash

39 (8%)

34 (7%)

 

 Assault

38 (7%)

22 (4%)

 

 Gunshot wound

51 (10%)

64 (13%)

 

 Other

91 (18%)

118 (23%)

 

Injury severity score

  

0.37

 1–9

297 (57%)

269 (53%)

 

 10–15

92 (18%)

96 (19%)

 

  ≥ 16

129 (25%)

142 (28%)

 

CCI, median (IQR), range

0 (0–2), (0–7)

0 (0–2), (0–7)

0.89

Comorbidities

 Mental illness

76 (15%)

67 (13%)

0.50

 Alcoholism

75 (14%)

130 (26%)

< 0.001

 Substance abuse

59 (11%)

115 (23%)

< 0.001

State

 Colorado

171 (33%)

160 (32%)

0.62

 Texas

72 (14%)

98 (19%)

0.02

 Missouri

187 (36%)

188 (37%)

0.74

 Kansas

88 (17%)

61 (12%)

0.02

LOS, median (IQR), days

3 (2–7)

3 (2–7)

0.58

ICU stay

224 (43%)

192 (38%)

0.08

In-hospital mortality

23 (4%)

25 (5%)

0.70

  1. Period 1: March 16, 2019-May 31, 2019; Period 2: March 16, 2020-May 31, 2020. CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; LOS, hospital length of stay; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit