Epidemiology of sudden death in organized school sports in Japan

Table 1 Overall incident rates of death during organized school sports in Japanese middle and high school by sport between 2005 and 2016

Sport	Number of deaths	Number of athletes	Incident rate per 100,000 athlete-years	95%CI
Rugby	13	283,224	4.59	2.43	6.75
Judo	24	638,340	3.76	1.58	5.93
Baseball	25	4,264,644	0.59	0.38	0.79
Kendo	8	1,600,332	0.50	0.17	0.83
Soccer/ Futsal	20	4,972,080	0.40	0.26	0.55
Basketball	18	5,620,116	0.32	0.18	0.46
Badminton	6	2,975,640	0.20	0.08	0.32
Tennis	11	6,604,788	0.17	0.10	0.24
Volleyball	5	3,852,084	0.13	0.04	0.22

Population data for middle school and high school student athletes were retrieved from the Nippon Junior High School Physical Culture Association and All Japan High School Athletic Federation membership data (middle school, http://njpa.sakura.ne.jp/pdf/kamei/h28kameiseito_m.pdf and http://njpa.sakura.ne.jp/pdf/kamei/h28kameiseito_f.pdf; high school, https://www.zen-koutairen.com/pdf/reg-28nen.pdf). Due to missing data in some years, data from 2016 was used as the estimate of participant numbers in all years

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