Table 2 Predictors of injury among child passengers ages 0–12: Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios, Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES), 2012–2014

Child seating position (Front seat vs. Rear seat)

1.78

(1.66–1.92)

1.20

(1.10–1.31)

Child safety equipment (Unrestrained vs. Child restraint)

3.00

(2.10–4.27)

2.13

(1.73–2.62)

Child safety equipment (Seat belt vs. Child restraint)

1.50

(1.22–1.83)

1.20

(1.11–1.31)

Child gender (Female vs. Male)

1.20

(1.10–1.32)

1.14

(1.08–1.21)

Airbag deployed (Yes vs. No)

2.48

(2.10–2.97)

2.36

(2.10–2.67)

Vehicle year (1994–1997 vs. 1970–1993)

1.02

(0.69–1.52)

1.17

(0.89–1.55)

Vehicle year (1998–2004 vs. 1970–1993)

0.73

(0.50–1.06)

0.85

(0.66–1.10)

Vehicle year (2005–2008 vs. 1970–1993)

0.56

(0.39–0.82)

0.68

(0.53–0.89)

Vehicle year (2009 and greater vs. 1970–1993)

0.47

(0.31–0.68)

0.55

(0.42–0.71)

Vehicle type (Car vs. Other vehicles)

1.21

(1.11–1.32)

1.21

(1.14–1.28)

Vehicle towed from scene (Yes vs. No)

4.18

(3.82–4.58)

4.91

(4.61–5.23)

Driver safety equipment (Restrained vs. Unrestrained)

0.99

(0.69–1.42)

0.61

(0.50–0.75)

Driver’s age < 25 years (Yes vs. No)

1.03

(0.87–1.22)

0.91

(0.82–0.99)