Skip to main content

Table 2 Pre-injury, injury, and early post-injury characteristics of distressed and non-distressed participants at each interview

From: Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress following injury: findings from a prospective cohort study

 

3 Months

12 Months

24 Months

Not Distressed

(n = 2122)

Distressed

(n = 699)

Not Distressed

(n = 1906)

Distressed

(n = 333)

Not distressed

(n = 1864)

Distressed

(n = 353)

Pre-Injury Characteristics

Sex

  Male

1308

421

1135

182

1105

193

  Female

814

278

771

151

759

160

Age (Years)

  18–24

296

106

235

36

212

41

  25–34

431

159

378

59

367

73

  35–44

467

165

436

72

425

81

  45–54

515

177

488

104

483

101

  55–65

413

92

369

62

377

57

Ethnicity (Prioritised)

  European

1208

328

1144

155

1147

167

  Māori

387

170

308

91

302

75

  Pacific

124

76

94

28

89

32

  Asian

156

56

143

22

115

36

  Other

241

69

215

37

209

42

Education

  Less than secondary school

498

231

445

122

430

113

  Secondary school or higher

1574

456

1430

207

1402

235

Living Arrangements

  Alone/With non-family

384

139

315

70

317

67

  With family

1727

556

1584

263

1539

286

Income Adequacy

  Adequate

1381

392

1278

154

1281

167

  Inadequate

717

299

614

177

567

182

Working For Pay

  No

160

67

151

34

135

34

  Yes

1962

631

1755

299

1729

319

Mental Health Conditions

  0

1878

546

1686

246

1640

267

  1

123

72

107

52

113

44

  2+

47

61

59

33

48

37

Physical Health Conditions

  0

1168

350

1050

154

1009

169

  1

588

187

524

89

518

99

  2+

292

142

278

88

274

80

General Health

  Excellent/Very good

1504

441

1362

177

1337

195

  Good

516

197

465

110

445

112

  Fair/poor

102

57

77

44

77

44

Alcohol Use

  Non-hazardous

722

229

658

118

642

142

  Hazardous

1376

465

1233

213

1206

211

Injury-Related Characteristics

Injury Severity (NISS)

  1–3 (Least severe)

930

275

768

159

755

167

  4–6 (Severe)

968

320

917

129

878

147

  7+ (Most Severe)

199

96

195

44

205

37

Cause of Injury

  Unintentional

2059

639

1852

302

1803

328

  Intentional (Assault)

57

54

49

29

53

23

Perceived Threat to Life

  No

1914

532

1704

258

1654

281

  Yes

188

142

176

67

182

67

Health Service Characteristics

Health Service Experience

  Very good/Good/Moderate

2051

655

1842

315

1803

327

  Bad/Very bad

61

39

54

17

52

24

ACC Experience

  Very good/Good/Moderate

1884

612

1713

296

1669

302

  Bad/Very bad

108

52

101

22

98

29

Access to Health Services

  No Trouble

1914

600

1722

280

1679

298

  Trouble/Mixed

191

91

168

46

166

51

Early Post-Injury Characteristics

Distress at 3 Months (K6 ≥ 8)

  Not Distressed

2122

0

1553

135

1505

156

  Distressed

0

699

335

191

343

190

Expectations for Recovery

  Already Recovered

587

53

452

46

429

50

  Expect to Recover Soon/Slowly

1175

425

1114

180

1091

190

  Unsure

244

170

245

77

241

85

  Expect to Never Recover

66

28

58

18

60

15

Satisfaction with Social Relationships

  Satisfied

1946

426

1681

228

1635

244

  Neutral/ Dissatisfied

168

268

218

104

219

105

  1. Note. ACC = Accident Compensation Corporation; NISS = New Injury Severity Score. Column totals for each variable vary, as missing values have not been reported