Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of FOCUS beta-test analytic sample stratified by fire department organization type
From: Size matters: How safety climate and downstream outcomes vary by fire department organization type
Individual-level characteristics | Total population | Career department | Combination department | Volunteer department | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 8414 | n = 6900 | n = 1132 | n = 382 | |||||
Mean ± SD | Min–max | Mean ± SD | Min–max | Mean ± SD | Min–max | Mean ± SD | Min–max | |
Age | 40.2 ± 4.8 | 23.6–59.0 | 40.5 ± 4.6 | 23.6–56.2 | 39.0 ± 5.2 | 27.6–59.0 | 39.1 ± 6.7 | 28.7–57.3 |
Years of experience | 16.1 ± 4.5 | 3.4–34.1 | 16.0 ± 4.3 | 5.1–31.9 | 15.7 ± 4.7 | 3.4–31.1 | 17.4 ± 6.4 | 7.4–34.1 |
Individual-level characteristics | Total population | Career department | Combination department | Volunteer department | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 7665 | 91.1 | 6312 | 91.5 | 1027 | 90.7 | 326 | 85.3 |
Female | 470 | 5.6 | 371 | 5.4 | 55 | 4.9 | 44 | 11.5 |
Missing | 279 | 3.3 | 217 | 3.1 | 50 | 4.4 | 12 | 3.1 |
Rank | ||||||||
Firefighter | 1929 | 22.9 | 1454 | 21.1 | 271 | 23.9 | 204 | 53.4 |
Paramedic | 157 | 1.9 | 149 | 2.2 | 8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 |
EMT | 54 | 0.6 | 40 | 0.6 | 10 | 0.9 | 4 | 1.0 |
Lieutenant | 718 | 8.5 | 654 | 9.5 | 49 | 4.3 | 15 | 3.9 |
Captain | 922 | 11.0 | 779 | 11.3 | 128 | 11.3 | 15 | 3.9 |
Battalion Chief | 311 | 3.7 | 260 | 3.8 | 42 | 3.7 | 9 | 2.4 |
Chief/Commissioner | 68 | 0.8 | 31 | 0.4 | 21 | 1.9 | 16 | 4.2 |
More than one selected | 4082 | 48.5 | 3396 | 49.2 | 581 | 51.3 | 105 | 27.5 |
Missing | 173 | 2.1 | 137 | 2.0 | 22 | 1.9 | 14 | 3.7 |
Officer statusa | ||||||||
Non-officer | 5476 | 65.1 | 4406 | 63.9 | 798 | 70.5 | 272 | 71.2 |
Officer | 2331 | 27.7 | 2034 | 29.5 | 240 | 21.2 | 57 | 14.9 |
Leadership | 434 | 5.2 | 323 | 4.7 | 72 | 6.4 | 39 | 10.2 |
Missing | 173 | 2.1 | 137 | 2.0 | 22 | 1.9 | 14 | 3.7 |
Race and Ethnicity | ||||||||
White | 6020 | 71.5 | 4754 | 68.9 | 917 | 81.0 | 349 | 91.4 |
Black or African-American | 432 | 5.1 | 408 | 5.9 | 24 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.0 |
Hispanic | 743 | 8.8 | 708 | 10.3 | 29 | 2.6 | 6 | 1.6 |
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 72 | 0.9 | 63 | 0.9 | 9 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
American Indian/American Native | 69 | 0.8 | 61 | 0.9 | 6 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.5 |
More than one race | 379 | 4.5 | 332 | 4.8 | 40 | 3.5 | 7 | 1.8 |
Other | 265 | 3.1 | 232 | 3.4 | 31 | 2.7 | 2 | 0.5 |
Missing | 434 | 5.2 | 342 | 5.0 | 76 | 6.7 | 16 | 4.2 |
Education | ||||||||
Less than high school | 23 | 0.3 | 13 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.2 | 8 | 2.1 |
High school or equivalent | 2694 | 32.0 | 2189 | 31.7 | 354 | 31.3 | 151 | 39.5 |
Undergraduate degree | 3452 | 41.0 | 2966 | 43.0 | 406 | 35.9 | 80 | 20.9 |
Graduate degree | 708 | 8.4 | 595 | 8.6 | 90 | 8.0 | 23 | 6.0 |
Missing | 1537 | 18.3 | 1137 | 16.5 | 280 | 24.7 | 120 | 31.4 |
Injury last 12 months | ||||||||
No | 6610 | 78.6 | 5396 | 78.2 | 883 | 78.0 | 331 | 86.6 |
Yes | 1406 | 16.7 | 1197 | 17.3 | 191 | 16.9 | 18 | 4.7 |
Missing | 398 | 4.7 | 307 | 4.4 | 58 | 5.1 | 33 | 8.6 |
Fire department characteristics | Total departments | Career department | Combination department | Volunteer department | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 125 | n = 67 | n = 34 | n = 24 | |||||
Mean ± SD | Min–max | Mean ± SD | Min–max | Mean ± SD | Min–max | Mean ± SD | Min–max | |
Percent EMS runs | 64.6 ± 22.2 | 0.0–98.0 | 69.4 ± 13.0 | 20.0–98.0 | 72.9 ± 10.6 | 41.2–92.0 | 64.1 ± 34.8 | 0.0–80.0 |
Percent fire runs | 29.7 ± 25.8 | 1.9–100.0 | 22.2 ± 16.3 | 2.0–80.0 | 23.6 ± 17.2 | 1.9–88.0 | 35.7 ± 34.5 | 14.0–100.0 |
Injury rate | 13.7 ± 14.7 | 0.0–70.2 | 19.5 ± 15.5 | 0.0–70.2 | 10.0 ± 12.3 | 0.0–47.1 | 2.6 ± 3.7 | 0.0–13.3 |
Burnout on EMS runs | 45.4 ± 5.3 | 35.7–59.6 | 46.6 ± 4.6 | 36.2–59.6 | 44.0 ± 5.4 | 35.7–54.3 | 46.3 ± 6.6 | 37.1–58.3 |
Burnout on fire runs | 42.1 ± 3.6 | 33.3–54.1 | 42.4 ± 3.2 | 33.3–51.4 | 41.1 ± 4.0 | 34.7–51.2 | 42.6 ± 4.1 | 34.2–54.1 |
Engagement on EMS runs | 70.9 ± 7.2 | 41.7–88.2 | 69.4 ± 4.5 | 58.5–82.0 | 73.0 ± 6.8 | 58.1–87.8 | 72.2 ± 11.8 | 41.7–88.2 |
Engagement on fire runs | 80.3 ± 4.4 | 60.7–91.8 | 79.8 ± 3.7 | 69.0–89.0 | 81.3 ± 4.3 | 71.9–89.5 | 80.2 ± 6.1 | 60.7–91.8 |
Job satisfaction | 78.3 ± 7.1 | 61.5–96.0 | 76.1 ± 6.5 | 61.5–95.0 | 78.8 ± 7.3 | 65.9–95.0 | 83.8 ± 5.2 | 74.4–96.0 |
Safety compliance | 80.6 ± 6.7 | 58.6–94.8 | 80.0 ± 6.9 | 58.6–93.8 | 81.8 ± 6.1 | 67.8–94.8 | 80.2 ± 7.2 | 62.8–92.4 |
Management Commitment | 71.4 ± 10.4 | 44.3–92.0 | 67.1 ± 8.4 | 44.3–84.8 | 72.2 ± 10.7 | 49.5–91.7 | 82.1 ± 6.1 | 68.5–92.0 |
Supervisor Support | 81.7 ± 5.2 | 65.5–94.9 | 80.7 ± 4.1 | 66.9–90.4 | 81.7 ± 6.2 | 65.5–94.9 | 84.6 ± 5.6 | 74.8–93.4 |
Fire department characteristics | Total departments | Career department | Combination department | Volunteer department | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Roster size | ||||||||
0–24 | 25 | 20.0 | 10 | 14.9 | 7 | 20.6 | 8 | 33.3 |
25–49 | 36 | 28.8 | 10 | 14.9 | 14 | 41.2 | 12 | 50.0 |
50–99 | 32 | 25.6 | 19 | 28.4 | 9 | 26.5 | 4 | 16.7 |
100+ | 32 | 25.6 | 28 | 41.8 | 4 | 11.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
Annual number of calls | ||||||||
0–499 | 21 | 16.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 17.6 | 15 | 62.5 |
500–999 | 12 | 9.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 8.8 | 9 | 37.5 |
1000–4999 | 40 | 32.0 | 26 | 38.8 | 14 | 41.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
5000–9999 | 19 | 15.2 | 13 | 19.4 | 6 | 17.6 | 0 | 0.0 |
10,000+ | 28 | 22.4 | 24 | 35.8 | 4 | 11.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
Missing | 5 | 4.0 | 4 | 6.0 | 1 | 2.9 | 0 | 0.0 |
Population served | ||||||||
0–4999 | 16 | 12.8 | 1 | 1.5 | 5 | 14.7 | 10 | 41.7 |
5000–9999 | 14 | 11.2 | 5 | 7.5 | 4 | 11.8 | 5 | 20.8 |
10,000–24,999 | 28 | 22.4 | 10 | 14.9 | 12 | 35.3 | 6 | 25.0 |
25,000–49,999 | 21 | 16.8 | 13 | 19.4 | 6 | 17.6 | 2 | 8.3 |
50,000–99,999 | 19 | 15.2 | 16 | 23.9 | 3 | 8.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
100,000+ | 25 | 20.0 | 21 | 31.3 | 4 | 11.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
Missing | 2 | 1.6 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 4.2 |
FEMA region | ||||||||
1 | 12 | 9.6 | 6 | 9.0 | 3 | 8.8 | 3 | 12.5 |
2 | 12 | 9.6 | 7 | 10.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 20.8 |
3 | 14 | 11.2 | 5 | 7.5 | 3 | 8.8 | 6 | 25.0 |
4 | 11 | 8.8 | 9 | 13.4 | 2 | 5.9 | 0 | 0.0 |
5 | 14 | 11.2 | 5 | 7.5 | 6 | 17.6 | 3 | 12.5 |
6 | 11 | 8.8 | 7 | 10.4 | 3 | 8.8 | 1 | 4.2 |
7 | 9 | 7.2 | 6 | 9.0 | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 8.3 |
8 | 11 | 8.8 | 6 | 9.0 | 3 | 8.8 | 2 | 8.3 |
9 | 16 | 12.8 | 11 | 16.4 | 4 | 11.8 | 1 | 4.2 |
10 | 15 | 12.0 | 5 | 7.5 | 9 | 26.5 | 1 | 4.2 |
CPSE accreditation | ||||||||
No | 103 | 82.4 | 52 | 77.6 | 29 | 85.3 | 22 | 91.7 |
Yes | 13 | 10.4 | 10 | 14.9 | 3 | 8.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
Missing | 9 | 7.2 | 5 | 7.5 | 2 | 5.9 | 2 | 8.3 |
ISO rating | ||||||||
High (1, 2, 3) | 54 | 43.2 | 43 | 64.2 | 8 | 23.5 | 3 | 12.5 |
Medium (4, 5, 6) | 49 | 39.2 | 16 | 23.9 | 19 | 55.9 | 14 | 58.3 |
Low (7, 8, 9, 10) | 13 | 10.4 | 1 | 1.5 | 6 | 17.6 | 6 | 25.0 |
Missing | 9 | 7.2 | 7 | 10.4 | 1 | 2.9 | 1 | 4.2 |