Table 1 Characteristics of spatial clusters of drug overdose and firearm injury rates
City wide | High firearm injury–high overdose | High firearm injury–low overdose | High overdose–low firearm injury | Low firearm injury–low overdose | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Rates per 100,000 population | N = 216 | n = 27 | n = 9 | n = 2 | n = 53 |
Firearm homicide | 69.2 (118.6) | 2453.6 (221.5) | 118.0 (93.9) | 19.6 (27.7) | 10.9 (22.7) |
Nonfatal firearm injury | 245.6 (319.4) | 786.9 (402.7) | 320.6 (161.1) | 74.5 (5.50) | 33.9 (46.1) |
Composite firearm injury | 314.8 (418.6) | 1030.3 (564.9) | 438.7 (201.7) | 94.1 (33.2) | 44.7 (63.3) |
Fatal drug-related overdose | 100.2 (98.4) | 252.7 (141.4) | 83.9 (55.5) | 172.4 (144.0) | 44.6 (40.0) |
Nonfatal drug-related overdose | 7178.9 (8105.6) | 6029.3 (3128.5) | 1744.1 (363.8) | 4648.4 (3179.3) | 800.2 (522.7) |
Composite drug-related overdose | 7279.1 (8171.3) | 18,340.5 (9421.7) | 5316.1 (1114.7) | 14,117.7 (9682.1) | 2445.2 (1589.5) |
Neighborhood characteristics | |||||
% Poverty | 28.2 (18.2) | 49.1 (15.2) | 35.7 (10.2) | 23.6 (4.90) | 13.4 (9.69) |
% Single female-headed house | 9.36 (8.97) | 17.5 (9.16) | 11.1 (6.20) | 2.32 (1.51) | 3.87 (4.76) |
% Unemployed | 4.65 (3.37) | 8.37 (3.41) | 8.17 (4.70) | 3.07 (0.91) | 2.37 (1.18) |
% Public assistance | 1.99 (1.83) | 1.87 (1.15) | 1.72 (1.19) | 4.73 (2.84) | 1.05 (1.13) |
% Black | 30.5 (24.9) | 58.2 (24.1) | 62.7 (14.4) | 2.84 (2.47) | 11.1 (11.6) |
% Hispanic | 10.2 (9.10) | 12.6 (9.02) | 7.94 (7.06) | 3.22 (0.40) | 5.03 (4.48) |
% Male population 15–24 | 13.1 (6.26) | 12.9 (5.81) | 14.3 (6.62) | 10.3 (4.09) | 11.9 (4.78) |
% Renters | 40.4 (18.2) | 46.1 (9.19) | 45.6 (17.7) | 25.5 (1.20) | 32.8 (21.1)* |
% Abandoned homes | 3.51 (5.57) | 13.0 (6.22) | 5.28 (5.10) | 0.51 (0.45) | 0.14 (0.28) |