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Table 2 Characteristics of final analytic sample of non-contributory 16- and 17-year-old North Carolina drivers in two-vehicle crashes during the 5-year period prior to and following adoption of GDL (N = 41,864)

From: Unlicensed driving among young drivers in North Carolina: a quasi-induced exposure analysis

Age

 

 16

18,796

45%

 

 17

23,068

55%

Race

 

 White

35,459

85%

 

 Black

6,405

15%

Neighborhood income

 

 Upper 75%

32,077

77%

 

 Lower 25%

9,787

23%

Licensing era

 

 Pre-GDL

22,031

53%

 

 Post-GDL

19,833

47%

  1. Pre-GDL period is Dec 1, 1997, to Nov 30, 2002; post-GDL is Dec 1, 2002, to Nov 30, 2007