From: Unlicensed driving among young drivers in North Carolina: a quasi-induced exposure analysis
16-year-olds | 17-year-olds | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Unlicensed | Odds ratio (CI) | Unlicensed | Odds ratio (CI) | |||||||
n | % | Crude | Adjusted | Total | n | % | Crude | Adjusted | |||
Licensing era and race | |||||||||||
White, Pre-GDL | 8994 | 94 | 1.0% | 9409 | 130 | 1.4% | |||||
White, Post-GDL | 7502 | 69 | 0.9% | 0.88 (0.64; 1.2) | 0.90 (0.66; 1.23) | 9565 | 158 | 1.7% | 1.20 (0.95; 1.51) | 1.22 (0.96; 1.54) | |
Black, Pre-GDL | 1412 | 37 | 2.6% | 2225 | 63 | 2.8% | |||||
Black, Post-GDL | 892 | 37 | 4.1% | 1.61 (1.01; 2.56) | 1.61 (1.02; 2.57) | 1879 | 72 | 3.8% | 1.37 (0.97; 1.93) | 1.40 (0.99; 1.98) | |
Licensing era and neighborhood income | |||||||||||
Upper 75%, Pre-GDL | 7895 | 78 | 1.0% | 8720 | 100 | 1.1% | |||||
Upper 75%, Post-GDL | 6674 | 71 | 1.1% | 1.08 (0.78; 1.49) | 1.13 (0.81; 1.56) | 8798 | 125 | 1.4% | 1.24 (0.95; 1.62) | 1.26 (0.97; 1.64) | |
Lowest 25%, Pre-GDL | 2511 | 53 | 2.1% | 2914 | 93 | 3.2% | |||||
Lowest 25%, Post-GDL | 1720 | 35 | 2.0% | 0.96 (0.63; 1.48) | 0.99 (0.64; 1.53) | 2646 | 105 | 4.0% | 1.25 (0.94; 1.66) | 1.29 (0.98; 1.71) |