Table 1 Weighted frequencies estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of poisoning according to demographic and clinical characteristics in children aged 1–20 years, weighted data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2016–2018
From: Poisoning-related emergency department visits in children with autism spectrum disorder
Characteristic | Number of ED visits | Number of ED visits for poisoning (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted* OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||||
1–4 | 25,923,734 | 308,542 (1.19) | 2.15 (2.12, 2.18) | < 0.0001 | 2.25 (2.22, 2.28) | < 0.0001 |
5–9 | 18,814,831 | 104,930 (0.56) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
10–14 | 16,539,466 | 177,986 (1.08) | 1.94 (1.91, 1.97) | 1.83 (1.80, 1.86) | ||
15–20 | 29,716,652 | 545,360 (1.84) | 3.33 (3.29, 3.38) | 3.16 (3.12, 3.20) | ||
Sex | ||||||
Male | 44,234,677 | 485,643 (1.10) | 1.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | < 0.0001 |
Female | 46,755,522 | 651,076 (1.39) | 1.27 (1.26, 1.28) | 1.22 (1.21, 1.23) | ||
Region | ||||||
Northeast | 15,649,793 | 174,398 (1.11) | 1.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | < 0.0001 |
Midwest | 21,794,869 | 293,857 (1.35) | 1.21 (1.20, 1.23) | 1.25 (1.23, 1.26) | ||
South | 36,884,957 | 426,854 (1.16) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | 1.11 (1.10, 1.13) | ||
West | 16,665,064 | 241,707 (1.45) | 1.31 (1.29, 1.32) | 1.38 (1.37, 1.40) | ||
Urbanicity | ||||||
Rural | 13,964,418 | 170,093 (1.22) | 1.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | < 0.0001 |
Urban | 77,030,265 | 966,724 (1.26) | 1.03 (1.02, 10.4) | 1.05 (1.04, 1.06) | ||
Payor | ||||||
Medicare | 439,283 | 5344 (1.22) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.17) | < 0.0001 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | < 0.0001 |
Medicaid | 52,401,337 | 577,151 (1.10) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Private Insurance | 27,713,002 | 431,840 (1.56) | 1.42 (1.41, 1.43) | 1.35 (1.34, 1.36) | ||
Self-pay | 7,230,319 | 79,382 (1.10) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.90, 0.93) | ||
Other | 3,077,233 | 40,833 (1.33) | 1.21 (1.18, 1.23) | 1.12 (1.09, 1.14) | ||
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | ||||||
No | 89,588,147 | 1,082,202 (1.21) | 1.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1,406,535 | 54,615 (3.88) | 3.30 (3.24, 3.37) | 3.35 (3.29, 3.42) | ||
Intellectual disability | ||||||
No | 90,910,396 | 1,133,683 (1.25) | 1.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 84,286 | 3134 (3.72) | 3.06 (2.84, 3.30) | 1.74 (1.61 1.89) | ||
Autism spectrum disorder | ||||||
No | 90,471,451 | 1,124,665 (1.24) | 1.00 | < 0.0001 | 1.00 | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 523,232 | 12,152 (2.32) | 1.89 (1.82, 1.96) | 1.59 (1.53, 1.66) | ||