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Table 3 Estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of poisoning associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to the presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or intellectual disability (ID) in children aged 1–20 years, weighted data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2016–2018

From: Poisoning-related emergency department visits in children with autism spectrum disorder

Co-occurring disorder status

Percentage of ED visits for poisoning

Crude OR (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted OR* (95%CI)

p value

Autism spectrum disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or intellectual disability

No

No

1.21

1.00

 

1.00

 

Yes

No

2.09

1.75 (1.67, 1.83)

 < 0.0001

2.08 (1.99, 2.17)

 < 0.0001

No

Yes

3.85

3.27 (3.21, 3.34)

 < 0.0001

3.44 (3.37, 3.51)

 < 0.0001

Yes

Yes

3.47

2.94 (2.72, 3.17)

 < 0.0001

3.52 (3.25, 3.80)

 < 0.0001

  1. *Adjusted for age, sex, region, urbanicity, and payor