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Table 4 Frequencies and estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of poisoning by demographic and clinical characteristics in children aged 1–20 years, unweighted data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2016–2018

From: Poisoning-related emergency department visits in children with autism spectrum disorder

Characteristic

Number of ED visits

Number of ED visits for poisoning (%)

Crude OR (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted* OR (95% CI)

p value

Age (years)

1–4

6,086,931

71,649 (1.18)

2.15 (2.12, 2.18)

 < 0.0001

2.26 (2.22, 2.29)

 < 0.0001

5–9

4,422,848

24,328 (0.55)

1.00

 

1.00

 

10–14

3,873,816

41,134 (1.06)

1.94 (1.91, 1.97)

 

1.84 (1.81, 1.87)

 

15–20

6,949,166

126,838 (1.83)

3.36 (3.31, 3.41)

 

3.19 (3.14, 3.23)

 

Sex

Male

10,372,158

112,978 (1.09)

1.00

 < 0.0001

1.00

 < 0.0001

Female

10,959,617

150,948 (1.38)

1.27 (1.26, 1.28)

 

1.22 (1.21, 1.23)

 

Region

Northeast

3,588,113

39,788 (1.11)

1.00

 < 0.0001

1.00

 < 0.0001

Midwest

4,827,000

64,083 (1.33)

1.20 (1.19, 1.22)

 

1.24 (1.22, 1.25)

 

South

8,731,769

100,417 (1.15)

1.04 (1.03, 1.05)

 

1.11 (1.10, 1.13)

 

West

4,185,879

59,661 (1.43)

1.29 (1.27, 1.31)

 

1.37 (1.35, 1.39)

 

Urbanicity

Rural

2,909,453

34,669 (1.19)

1.00

 < 0.0001

1.00

 < 0.0001

Urban

18,423,308

229,280 (1.24)

1.05 (1.03, 1.06)

 

1.05 (1.04, 1.07)

 

Payor

Medicare

100,106

1225 (1.22)

1.13 (1.06, 1.19)

 < 0.0001

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

 

Medicaid

12,318,930

134,050 (1.09)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Private Insurance

6,447,546

99,925 (1.55)

1.43 (1.42, 1.44)

 

1.36 (1.35, 1.37)

 

Self-pay

1,723,958

18,837 (1.09)

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

 

0.92 (0.90, 0.93)

 

Other

714,981

9456 (1.32)

1.22 (1.19, 1.24)

 

1.13 (1.11, 1.15)

 

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Negative

21,010,983

251,424 (1.20)

1.00

 < 0.0001

1.00

 < 0.0001

Positive

321,778

12,525 (3.89)

3.35 (3.28, 3.41)

 

3.39 (3.32, 3.45)

 

Intellectual disability

Negative

21,313,181

263,222 (1.24)

1.00

 < 0.0001

1.00

 < 0.0001

Positive

19,580

727 (3.71)

3.08 (2.86, 3.32)

 

1.76 (1.63, 1.89)

 

Autism spectrum disorder

Negative

21,210,169

261,136 (1.23)

1.00

 < 0.0001

1.00

 < 0.0001

Positive

122,592

2813 (2.29)

1.89 (1.82, 1.96)

 

1.59 (1.53, 1.65)

 
  1. *Adjusted for age, sex, and region, urbanicity, payor ADHD, and ID