Table 1 Summary of adaptations to training materials
Component of LMS training | Original Materials | Maintained from Original | Revised from Original |
|---|---|---|---|
Speaker characteristics and tone Video | Single speaker Older, White male Credible messenger (i.e., firearm owner and instructor) Traditional advocate (i.e., chair of Utah Sports Shooting Council—formal authority within firearm community) Instructional/lecture format Speaker is standing | Credible messengers (i.e., firearm owners) | Two speakers Diverse and inclusive in terms of gender and race/ethnicity Nontraditional advocate (i.e., veteran firearm owners—informal experts within firearm community) Conversational Speakers are sitting, moving, or relating to each other |
Environment and visuals Video PowerPoint | Classroom setting only Firearms and storage cases displayed, some firearms with cable locks installed, in entirely static manner Two graphics that reinforce statistics, shown as cutaway from the speaker Two pictures Limited color | Firearms, cable locks, and storage cases are displayed Graphics that reinforce statistics are shown –– | Multiple, non-classroom settings, including shooting range Dynamic demonstration of recommended actions (i.e., disassembling firearms, installation of cable locks, locking firearms in storage case separate from ammunition, handing over firearms to someone else to hold) Graphics displayed concurrent with speaker, additional visual display of information including “warning signs” and “risk factors” Inclusion of images in different settings (i.e., individuals at home, families) to illustrate concepts 23 pictures Five different colors across slides |
Content Video and PowerPoint | General information about firearm deaths including homicide and suicide State-specific statistics Lock, Limit, Remove (i.e., strategies to increase time and distance) Encourage treatment seeking Evidence/rationale for time and distance Suicidal crises are often brief 90% who survive suicide attempt do not go on to kill themselves Description of warning signs Analogy to holding keys to prevent drunk driving Emphasis on avoiding government mandates, firearm owners working together | General information about firearm deaths including homicide and suicide State-specific statistics Lock, Limit, Remove Encourage treatment seeking Evidence/rationale for time and distance Description of warning signs Analogy to holding keys to prevent drunk driving Emphasis on avoiding government mandates, firearm owners working together | Included specific statistics about veterans Included statistics around suicide methods Included national and state suicide prevention resources for veterans and civilians (e.g., locations of free cable locks) Personal experiences with suicide were added Video: both speakers shared personal encounters with suicide and/or experiences with friends and family in need of help PowerPoint: Incorporated a real story about a suicidal crisis and temporary means restriction |
Length Video PowerPoint | 5 min, 25 s 14 slides | –– | 6 min, 6 s 23 slides |