Table 2 Socio-demographic, injury-related and early post-injury characteristics of distressed and non-distressed participants at 12 years post-SIE
Not distressed (n = 1349) n (%) | Distressed (n = 177) n (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Pre-injury characteristics | |||
Sex | |||
Male | 761 (89) | 95 (11) | |
Female | 588 (88) | 82 (12) | |
Age in years (at time of injury) | |||
18–24 | 130 (88) | 18 (12) | < 0.01 |
25–34 | 240 (86) | 40 (14) | |
35–44 | 307 (86) | 52 (14) | |
45–54 | 394 (89) | 49 (11) | |
55–65 | 278 (94) | 18 (6) | |
Ethnicity | |||
Māori | 195 (81) | 43 (19) | < 0.001 |
Pacific | 36 (86) | 6 (14) | |
Asian | 70 (81) | 16 (19) | |
Other | 166 (81) | 38 (19) | |
NZ European | 882 (92) | 74 (8) | |
Education | |||
Less than secondary school | 283 (83) | 57 (17) | < 0.01 |
Secondary school or higher | 1047 (90) | 117 (10) | |
Living arrangements | |||
Alone/with non-family | 214 (86) | 36 (14) | 0.14 |
With family | 1131 (89) | 141 (11) | |
Income adequacy | |||
Adequate | 956 (91) | 91 (9) | |
Inadequate | 384 (82) | 84 (18) | |
Working for pay | |||
No | 90 (84) | 17 (16) | 0.15 |
Yes | 1258 (89) | 160 (11) | |
Mental health conditions | |||
0 | 1182 (90) | 128 (10) | < 0.001 |
1 | 81 (70) | 34 (30) | |
≥ 2 | 39 (76) | 12 (24) | |
Physical health conditions | |||
0 | 729 (90) | 78 (10) | < 0.01 |
1 | 375 (87) | 54 (13) | |
≥ 2 | 198 (83) | 42 (18) | |
General health | |||
Excellent/very good | 972 (91) | 96 (9) | < 0.001 |
Good | 325 (84) | 62 (16) | |
Fair/poor | 50 (72) | 19 (28) | |
Alcohol use | |||
Non-hazardous | 449 (87) | 70 (13) | 0.1 |
Hazardous | 889 (89) | 106 (11) | |
Injury-related characteristics | |||
Injury severity (NISS) | |||
1–3 (least severe) | 514 (86) | 82 (14) | 0.1 |
4–6 (severe) | 645 (90) | 70 (10) | |
≥ 7 (most severe) | 149 (89) | 18 (11) | |
Cause of injury | |||
Unintentional | 1303 (89) | 163 (11) | < 0.01 |
Intentional (assault) | 39 (74) | 14 (26) | |
Perceived threat to life | |||
No | 1213 (89) | 145 (11) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 115 (79) | 30 (21) | |
Health service characteristics | |||
Health service experience | |||
Very good/good/moderate | 1305 (89) | 165 (11) | 0.04 |
Bad/very bad | 38 (79) | 10 (21) | |
ACC experience | |||
Very good/good/moderate | 1213 (89) | 154 (11) | 0.12 |
Bad/very bad | 75 (83) | 15 (17) | |
Access to health services | |||
No trouble | 1185 (88) | 160 (12) | 0.25 |
Trouble/mixed | 154 (91) | 15 (9) | |
Early post-injury characteristics | |||
Distress 3 months post-SIE (K6 ≥ 8) | |||
Not Distressed | 1087 (93) | 87 (7) | < 0.001 |
Distressed | 259 (74) | 89 (26) | |
Expectations for recovery | |||
Already recovered | 286 (93) | 20 (7) | < 0.001 |
Expect to recover soon/slowly | 825 (89) | 103 (11) | |
Don’t know future course | 186 (80) | 46 (20) | |
Expect to never recover | 46 (88) | 6 (12) | |
Satisfaction with social relationships | |||
Satisfied | 1180 (91) | 121 (9) | < 0.001 |
Neutral/dissatisfied | 165 (75) | 55 (25) | |