Table 5 Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis for sociodemographic and injury-related characteristics adjusted for trauma center

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Sex

  Male

1

1

  Female

1.40 (0.81–2.43)

1.10 (0.56–2.17)

 Age at inclusion (years)

  0–17

0.29 (0.12–0.70)

0.69 (0.27–1.79)

  18–34

0.71 (0.38–1.35)

1.16 (0.55–2.42)

  35–64

1

1

  ≥ 65

1.76 (0.93–3.34)

1.13 (0.51–2.52)

 Centrality Index (NCI)

  Category 1 and 2

1

1

  Category 3 and 4

4.92 (2.70–8.96)

2.29 (1.14–4.59)

  Category 5 and 6

2.68 (1.03–7.02)

1.46 (0.47–4.50)

 Preinjury ASA

  1

1

1

  2

1.90 (1.04–3.45)

1.41 (0.70–2.84)

  3 and 4

2.86 (1.27–6.47)

0.74 (0.25–2.24)

Injury- and treatment-related characteristics

 Injury mechanism

  Falls

1.24 (0.72–2.14)

1.14 (0.60–2.19)

  Transport-related

1

1

  Violence

0.17 (0.03–1.03)

0.32 (0.06–1.64)

  Others

1.52 (0.76–3.05)

0.72 (0.30–1.74)

 NISS

  Moderate (NISS 10–15)

1

1

  Severe (NISS > 15)

1.95 (1.04–3.63)

2.91 (1.26–6.71)

 Number of injuries

1.30 (1.18–1.43)

1.23 (1.10–1.38)

 Body regions with AIS ≥ 3

  Head

1.03 (0.53–1.98)

6.04 (2.76–13.25)

  Face

1.94 (0.32–11.70)

0.47 (0.06–3.94)

  Neck

1.91 (0.21–17.37)

5.45 (0.47–63.40)

  Thorax

0.83 (0.44–1.57)

0.45 (0.20–1.01)

  Abdomen

0.12 (0.05–0.29)

0.13 (0.04–0.40)

  Spine

4.10 (1.76–9.57)

8.53 (3.24–22.47)

  Upper extremity

0.38 (0.05–2.94)

1.09 (0.08–14.61)

  Lower extremity

3.54 (1.66–7.55)

0.69 (0.23–2.08)

 LOS (acute care unit at the trauma center)

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

1.12 (1.07–1.18)