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Table 7 Justification for political violence for 8 additional specific objectives (these objectives were paired, with respondents randomized 1:1 to see 1 item in each pair)

From: Views of democracy and society and support for political violence in the USA: findings from a nationally representative survey

What do you think about the use of force or violence in the following situations?

Respondents (n = 8620)

Estimated N of adults in USA

Unweighted n

Weighted % (95% CI)

N (95% CI) (in millions)

To stop voter fraud

 Never justified

3204

36.6 (35.5, 37.8)

94.6 (91.7, 97.6)

 Sometimes justified

662

8.0 (7.4, 8.7)

20.7 (19.0, 22.4)

 Usually justified

186

2.1 (1.8, 2.5)

5.5 (4.6, 6.4)

 Always justified

224

2.6 (2.2, 3.0)

6.8 (5.8, 7.8)

 Non-response

4344

50.6 (49.4, 51.8)

130.7 (127.6, 133.8)

To stop voter intimidation

 Never justified

2619

30.6 (29.5, 31.7)

79.0 (76.2, 81.9)

 Sometimes justified

1207

14.0 (13.2, 14.8)

36.1 (34.0, 38.3)

 Usually justified

236

2.7 (2.3, 3.1)

7.0 (6.0, 8.0)

 Always justified

222

2.5 (2.1, 2.9)

6.5 (5.5, 7.4)

 Non-response

4336

50.2 (49, 51.4)

129.7 (126.6, 132.8)

To reinforce the police

 Never justified

1721

20.7 (19.7, 21.7)

53.4 (50.9, 56.0)

 Sometimes justified

1707

19.2 (18.3, 20.1)

49.6 (47.2, 52.0)

 Usually justified

509

5.6 (5.1, 6.1)

14.4 (13.0, 15.8)

 Always justified

313

3.4 (3.0, 3.8)

8.8 (7.7, 9.9)

 Non-response

4370

51.1 (49.9, 52.3)

132.1 (129, 135.2)

To stop police violence

 Never justified

2057

23.0 (22.0, 24.0)

59.4 (56.8, 62.0)

 Sometimes justified

1749

20.9 (19.9, 21.9)

54 (51.5, 56.6)

 Usually justified

301

3.9 (3.4, 4.4)

10.0 (8.8, 11.3)

 Always justified

200

2.5 (2.1, 2.9)

6.5 (5.5, 7.6)

 Non-response

4313

49.7 (48.5, 50.9)

128.4 (125.3, 131.4)

To stop illegal immigration

 Never justified

2629

30.8 (29.7, 31.9)

79.5 (76.6, 82.3)

 Sometimes justified

1156

13.4 (12.6, 14.2)

34.7 (32.6, 36.8)

 Usually justified

274

3.2 (2.8, 3.7)

8.3 (7.2, 9.5)

 Always justified

247

2.6 (2.3, 3.0)

6.8 (5.9, 7.8)

 Non-response

4314

49.9 (48.7, 51.1)

129 (125.9, 132.1)

To keep borders open

 Never justified

2871

32.6 (31.5, 33.8)

84.3 (81.5, 87.2)

 Sometimes justified

1051

12.4 (11.6, 13.2)

32.0 (30.0, 34.1)

 Usually justified

206

2.5 (2.1, 2.9)

6.5 (5.5, 7.5)

 Always justified

120

1.5 (1.2, 1.8)

3.9 (3.1, 4.8)

 Non-response

4372

50.9 (49.7, 52.1)

131.5 (128.4, 134.6)

To stop a protest

 Never justified

2426

28.5 (27.4, 29.6)

73.6 (70.8, 76.3)

 Sometimes justified

1538

17.6 (16.7, 18.5)

45.4 (43.1, 47.7)

 Usually justified

174

2.0 (1.7, 2.3)

5.2 (4.3, 6.0)

 Always justified

70

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

2.5 (1.8, 3.2)

 Non-response

4412

51.0 (49.8, 52.2)

131.7 (128.6, 134.7)

To support a protest

 Never justified

3504

39.3 (38.2, 40.5)

101.5 (98.6, 104.5)

 Sometimes justified

677

8.6 (7.9, 9.3)

22.1 (20.3, 23.9)

 Usually justified

121

1.6 (1.3, 1.9)

4.1 (3.3, 4.9)

 Always justified

54

0.8 (0.5, 1.0)

1.9 (1.3, 2.5)

 Non-response

4264

49.8 (48.6, 51.0)

128.6 (125.6, 131.7)