Articles

Unintentional firearm deaths in the United States 2005–2015

Unintentional gun death occurs four times more often in the United States than other high-income countries. Research on these deaths typically has a narrow scope. We believe this is the first study describing ...

Authors: Sara J. Solnick and David Hemenway

Shock index in patients with traumatic solid organ injury as a predictor of massive blood transfusion protocol activation

We aimed to assess the utility of shock index (SI) to predict the need for massive transfusion protocol (MTP) in patients with solid organ injury (SOI) in a Level 1 Trauma center.

Authors: Ayman El-Menyar, Gaby Jabbour, Mohammad Asim, Husham Abdelrahman, Ismail Mahmood and Hassan Al-Thani

A new weighted injury severity scoring system: better predictive power for adult trauma mortality

An accurate injury severity measurement is essential in the evaluation of trauma care and in outcome research. The traditional Injury Severity Score (ISS) does not consider the differential risks of the Abbrev...

Authors: Junxin Shi, Jiabin Shen, Motao Zhu, Krista K. Wheeler, Bo Lu, Brian Kenney, Kathryn E. Nuss and Henry Xiang

End-user experiences with two incident and injury reporting systems designed for led outdoor activities - challenges for implementation of future data systems

Injury and incident (near miss) prevention is heavily dependent upon robust and high-quality data systems. Evaluations of surveillance systems designed to report factors associated with incidents and injuries ...

Authors: Caroline F. Finch, Natassia Goode, Louise Shaw and Paul M. Salmon

State marijuana laws and opioid overdose mortality

The opioid epidemic in the United States is a national public health crisis. In recent years, marijuana legalization has been increasingly adopted by state governments as a policy intervention to control the o...

Authors: Stanford Chihuri and Guohua Li

The impact of spikes in handgun acquisitions on firearm-related harms

Research has documented sharp and short-lived increases in firearm acquisitions immediately following high-profile mass shootings and specific elections, increasing exposure to firearms at the community level....

Authors: Hannah S. Laqueur, Rose M. C. Kagawa, Christopher D. McCort, Rocco Pallin and Garen Wintemute

Reported injury, hospitalization, and injury fatality rates among New Jersey adolescent workers

Workplace injuries are a public health concern, including among adolescents and young adults. Secondary school career-technical-vocational education related injuries are mandated by code under jurisdiction of ...

Authors: Daniel Uhiara, Derek G. Shendell, Marija Borjan, Judith M. Graber, Koshy Koshy and Margaret Lumia

Use of multiple failure models in injury epidemiology: a case study of arrest and intimate partner violence recidivism in Seattle, WA

Single-failure survival models are commonly used in injury research. We aimed to demonstrate the application of multiple failure survival models in injury research by measuring the association between arrest a...

Authors: Vivian H. Lyons, Mary A. Kernic, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Victoria L. Holt and Marco Carone

Mothers’ perception of childhood injuries, child supervision and care practices for children 0–5 years in a peri-urban area in Central Uganda; implications for prevention of childhood injuries

Injuries are a major concern in childhood. They are especially associated with high morbidity, disability and death in low-income countries. This study aimed at describing mothers’ perceptions, child supervisi...

Authors: Godfrey Siu, Anthony Batte, Brenda Tibingana, Kennedy Otwombe, Richard Sekiwunga and Nino Paichadze

Novel use of syndromic surveillance to monitor the impact of synthetic cannabinoid control measures on morbidity

Using data from syndromic surveillance, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) identified an increase in the number of emergency department (ED) visits related to synthetic cannabino...

Authors: Michelle L. Nolan, Amy Ehntholt, Thomas Merrill, Don Weiss, Ramona Lall and Denise Paone

Trends in benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics use among French drivers involved in road traffic crashes from 2005 to 2015: a responsibility case-control study

In France, benzodiazepine anxiolytics and z-hypnotics (zolpidem and zopiclone) account for the largest share of road traffic crash risk attributable to exposure to prescription drugs. The aim of this study was...

Authors: Ludivine Orriols, Gwladys Nadia Gbaguidi, Benjamin Contrand, Blandine Gadegbeku and Emmanuel Lagarde

Public health application of predictive modeling: an example from farm vehicle crashes

The goal of predictive modelling is to identify the likelihood of future events, such as the predictive modelling used in climate science to forecast weather patterns and significant weather occurrences. In pu...

Authors: Shabbar I. Ranapurwala, Joseph E. Cavanaugh, Tracy Young, Hongqian Wu, Corinne Peek-Asa and Marizen R. Ramirez

The association of material deprivation component measures with injury hospital separations in British Columbia, Canada

This study examines social disparities across neighbourhood levels of income, education and employment in relation to overall injury hospital separations in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Further, t...

Authors: Fahra Rajabali, Alex Zheng, Kate Turcotte, Li Rita Zhang, Diana Kao, Drona Rasali, Megan Oakey and Ian Pike

Public knowledge, attitudes and practices of vehicle submersion incidents: a pilot study

Vehicle submersions account for up to 10% of all drownings in high-income countries. Reports indicate that occupants may be conscious and functional, but possibly making incorrect decisions for self-rescue lea...

Authors: Gerren K. McDonald, Cheryl A. Moser and Gordon G. Giesbrecht

Does a full-face helmet effectively protect against facial injuries?

The effectiveness of helmet use in preventing or reducing the severity of head injuries has been largely demonstrated. However, the effectiveness of different types of helmets in reducing facial or non-facial ...

Authors: Dan Wu, Marine Dufournet and Jean-Louis Martin

These are all our lanes

Authors: Lois K. Lee

Social workers’ determination of when children’s access or potential access to loaded firearms constitutes child neglect

Pediatric firearm-related deaths and injuries are a serious societal problem. Our study’s objective was to determine social workers’ assessment of child neglect with respect to access or potential access to a ...

Authors: Charles A. Jennissen, Erin M. Evans, Alycia A. Karsjens and Gerene M. Denning

Restraint use and injury in forward and rear-facing infants and toddlers involved in a fatal motor vehicle crash on a U. S. Roadway

Use of appropriate child passenger safety restraints reduces injury in infants, with rear facing restraints favored over forward facing. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) began recommending tha...

Authors: Yu-Yun Huang, Chang Liu and Joyce C. Pressley

An educational intervention for medical students to improve self-efficacy in firearm injury prevention counseling

Most physicians support counseling patients about firearm injury prevention (FIP), but infrequently do so due to lack of training and low confidence. Interventions to increase counseling frequency should focus...

Authors: Jacky Z. Kwong, Jennifer M. Gray, Lisa Rein, Ying Liu and Marlene D. Melzer-Lange

As easy as ABC: evaluation of safe sleep initiative on safe sleep compliance in a freestanding pediatric hospital

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends the ABCs of safe infant sleep (alone, back, clear crib) to combat the increasing rates of Sudden Unexplained Infant Death (SUID). It is unclear if these reco...

Authors: Traci Leong, Manon Billaud, Maneesha Agarwal, Terri Miller, Terri McFadden, Jonathan Johnson and Sarah Gard Lazarus

Marijuana use in U.S. teen drivers: a comparison of a road-side survey of reported use and fluid tests for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Although the growth of state-level legalization of marijuana is aimed at increasing availability for adults and the chronically ill, one fear is that this trend may also increase accessibility in younger popul...

Authors: Joyce C. Pressley, Arushi Arora and Raina Sarmah

Modifiable sleep-related risk factors in infant deaths in Cook County, Illinois

Each year, approximately 3500 infants in the United States die from sleep-related deaths. The number of sleep-related infant deaths has decreased overall since the 1990s, but disparities in sleep-related death...

Authors: Anna Briker, Suzanne McLone, Maryann Mason, Nana Matoba and Karen Sheehan

Trends of ED visits, admissions, and deaths for pediatric traumatic brain injury comparing sport and non-sport mechanisms

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in children result in significant morbidity and mortality. There are many mechanisms, both sport and non-sport related, which cause these injuries. Studies have reported that Eme...

Authors: Holly R. Hanson, Michael A. Gittelman and Wendy J. Pomerantz

Pilot of primary care physician discussion and resource allocation after screening for unintentional injuries and social determinants of health

Standardized screening tools used by pediatric providers can help determine a child’s injury and social risks. This study determined if an office-based quality improvement program could increase targeted antic...

Authors: Sarah Denny, Mike Gittelman, Hayley Southworth, Samantha Anzeljc and Melissa Wervey Arnold

Research utility of the National Violent Death Reporting System: a scoping review

To better understand and prevent suicide and homicide, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the National Violent Death Reporting S...

Authors: Oybek Nazarov, Joseph Guan, Stanford Chihuri and Guohua Li

Characteristics of drowning victims in a surf environment: a 6-year retrospective study in southwestern France

Drowning is the third cause of non-intentional injury death worldwide. Beaches of Gironde, in southwestern France, are exposed to strong environmental conditions, leading to rip currents and shore breaks. Bath...

Authors: Éric Tellier, Bruno Simonnet, Cédric Gil-Jardiné, Bruno Castelle, Marion Bailhache and Louis-Rachid Salmi

Identifying opportunities to prevent work-related fatal injury in New Zealand using 40 years of coronial records: protocol for a retrospective case review study

Improving New Zealand’s poor workplace safety record has become a high priority following high profile workplace fatal incidents in 2010 and 2014. Existing routine official data are unable to reliably inform o...

Authors: Rebbecca Lilley, Bronwen McNoe, Gabrielle Davie, Simon Horsburgh, Brett Maclennan and Tim Driscoll

The impact of high school athletic trainer services on medical payments and utilizations: a microsimulation analysis on medical claims

Increasing athletic trainer (AT) services in high schools has attracted widespread interest across the nation as an effective instrument to manage injuries and improve children’s health, but there is a lack of...

Authors: Tao Li, Samuel T. Johnson, Michael C. Koester, Annie Hommel and Marc F. Norcross

Protocol for serious fall injury adjudication in the Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE) study

This paper describes a protocol for determining the incidence of serious fall injuries for Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE), a large, multicenter pragmatic clinical trial...

Authors: David A. Ganz, Albert L. Siu, Jay Magaziner, Nancy K. Latham, Thomas G. Travison, Nancy P. Lorenze, Charles Lu, Rixin Wang, Erich J. Greene, Cynthia L. Stowe, Lea N. Harvin, Katy L. B. Araujo, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Yuri Agrawal, Rosaly Correa-De-Araujo, Peter Peduzzi…

Pediatric safety: review of the susceptibility of children with disabilities to injuries involving movement related events

Toy-related injuries have increased significantly in the past decade, in particular those related to ride-on toys. This increase has been attributed to movement related events such as falls and inertial impact...

Authors: Abbey Fraser, Dao Doan, Mary Lundy, Grant Bevill and Juan Aceros

Incidence of injury and illness during the 2013 world dwarf games

Dwarfism, or skeletal dysplasia, is a term used to describe short stature. Injuries to athletes with disabilities and medical co-morbidities, such as those present in the dwarf population, can have significant...

Authors: Mathew R. Saffarian, Jensen J. Swampillai, Michael T. Andary, Jim R. Sylvain, Salina E. Halliday and Brian Bratta

National estimates of poisoning events related to liquid nicotine in young children treated in US hospital emergency departments, 2013–2017

An estimated 2 million youth (in 2017) and 7.9 million adults (in 2015) reported currently using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Reports of poisoning events related to liquid nicotine (e-liquids) ...

Authors: Joanne T. Chang, Baoguang Wang, Cindy M. Chang and Bridget K. Ambrose

Prescription opioids, alcohol and fatal motor vehicle crashes: a population-based case-control study

The prevalence of prescription opioid use among drivers has increased markedly in the past two decades. The purpose of this study is to assess the associations of prescription opioid use and alcohol use with t...

Authors: Guohua Li and Stanford Chihuri

Conducting a study to assess the long-term impacts of injury after 9/11: participation, recall, and description

The World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11) resulted in over 2700 fatalities and thousands injured. Injury on 9/11 has been identified as a risk factor for physical and mental health cond...

Authors: Melanie H. Jacobson, Robert M. Brackbill, Patricia Frazier and Lisa M. Gargano

Workplace homicides committed by firearm: recent trends and narrative text analysis

Firearm workplace homicides are a significant problem in the United States. We sought to provide a current, national-level examination of these crimes and examine how perpetrators accessed firearms used in wor...

Authors: Mitchell L. Doucette, Maria T. Bulzacchelli, Shannon Frattaroli and Cassandra K. Crifasi

Comparison of subsequent injury categorisation (SIC) models and their application in a sporting population

The original subsequent injury categorisation (SIC-1.0) model aimed to classify relationships between chronological injury sequences to provide insight into the complexity and causation of subsequent injury oc...

Authors: Liam A. Toohey, Michael K. Drew, Lauren V. Fortington, Miranda J. Menaspa, Caroline F. Finch and Jill L. Cook

Child and adolescent bicycling injuries involving motor vehicle collisions

Bicycle-related injuries are among the most common recreational injuries for children in Canada; moreover, bicycle-motor vehicle collisions often result in serious injuries. This study seeks to examine environ...

Authors: Tona M. Pitt, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Gavin R. McCormack, Andrew W. Howard, Camilla Piatkowski, Brian H. Rowe and Brent E. Hagel

The domestic violence fatality review clearinghouse: introduction to a new National Data System with a focus on firearms

In the US more than 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner. The most severe violence, violence that ends in death, disproportionately affects women. Curren...

Authors: Neil Websdale, Kathleen Ferraro and Steven D. Barger

Falls from a balcony while intoxicated: a new injury trend among young adults?

Unintentional falls from heights, including balconies, result in life threatening traumatic injury. Alcohol, when combined with environmental factors and poor judgement, can potentially lead to fatal outcomes....

Authors: Kathryn B. Schaffer, Gary Schwendig, Fady Nasrallah, Jiayan Wang and Jess F. Kraus

The impact of recreational marijuana commercialization on traumatic injury

The medical legalization of marijuana has been shown to result in an increased risk of motor vehicle injuries. In Colorado, commercialization of recreational marijuana (initiation of retail sales) occurred on ...

Authors: Christine Chung, Kristin Salottolo, Allen Tanner II, Matthew M. Carrick, Robert Madayag, Gina Berg, Mark Lieser and David Bar-Or

Associations between implementation of Project Lazarus and opioid analgesic dispensing and buprenorphine utilization in North Carolina, 2009–2014

Project Lazarus (PL) is a seven-strategy, community-coalition-based intervention designed to reduce opioid overdose and dependence. The seven strategies include: community education, provider education, hospit...

Authors: Apostolos A. Alexandridis, Nabarun Dasgupta, Agnieszka D. McCort, Christopher L. Ringwalt, Wayne D. Rosamond, Paul R. Chelminski and Stephen W. Marshall

A cohort study to identify and evaluate concussion risk factors across multiple injury settings: findings from the CARE Consortium

Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury, is a major public health concern affecting 42 million individuals globally each year. However, little is known regarding concussion risk factors across all concussio...

Authors: Kathryn L. Van Pelt, Dain Allred, Kenneth L. Cameron, Darren E. Campbell, Christopher J. D’Lauro, Xuming He, Megan N. Houston, Brian R. Johnson, Tim F. Kelly, Gerald McGinty, Sean Meehan, Patrick G. O’Donnell, Karen Y. Peck, Steven J. Svoboda, Paul Pasquina, Thomas McAllister…

Building the injury field in North America: the perspective of some of the pioneers

After the publication in 1985 of Injury in America and the establishment of an injury center at the Centers for Disease Control, there was a concerted attempt to create an “injury field.”

Authors: David Hemenway

Association between emergency department utilization and the risk of child maltreatment in young children

This study aims to assess the association between emergency department (ED) utilization and the risk of child maltreatment.

Authors: Xiaoxin Kuang, Yumiko Aratani and Guohua Li

The burden of hospitalized sports-related injuries in children: an Australian population-based study, 2005–2013

There is concern about recent increase and severity of sports-related injuries in children. Despite the benefits of sports participation, injuries may carry long-term health consequences. We aimed to evaluate ...

Authors: Francisco J. Schneuer, Jane C. Bell, Susan E. Adams, Julie Brown, Caroline Finch and Natasha Nassar

“Death is certain, the time is not”: mortality and survival in Game of Thrones

Game of Thrones is a popular television series known for its violent and graphic portrayal of the deaths of its characters. This study aimed to examine the mortality and survival of important characters in Game o...

Authors: Reidar P. Lystad and Benjamin T. Brown

Challenges in studying statewide pedestrian injuries and drug involvement

Increasing U.S. rates of pedestrian injuries could be attributable in part to changing policies and attitudes towards drugs and associated increases in use, yet drug use has not been investigated widely as a r...

Authors: Elizabeth D. Nesoff, Charles C. Branas and Silvia S. Martins

Factors associated with the likelihood of fall-related injury among people with lower limb loss

People with lower limb loss that live in the community fall at a rate that exceeds that of other vulnerable populations such as hospitalized elderly people. Past research in a small single state study has iden...

Authors: Stanford Chihuri and Christopher Kevin Wong

Incidence of emergency department presentations for traumatic brain injury in Indigenous and non-Indigenous residents aged 15–64 over the 9-year period 2007–2015 in North Queensland, Australia

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous studies have shown that males have a higher incidence than females, and Indigenous populations have a higher rate than non-Indi...

Authors: Adrian Esterman, Fintan Thompson, Michelle Fitts, John Gilroy, Jennifer Fleming, Paul Maruff, Alan Clough and India Bohanna

Unintentional injuries among children aged 1–5 years: understanding the burden, risk factors and severity in urban slums of southern India

Globally, 5.82 million deaths occurred among children under the age of five years in 2015 and injury specific mortality rate was 73 per 100,000 population. In India, injury specific mortality rate is around 2....

Authors: Srujan Lam Sharma, Samarasimha Reddy N, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Mats Steffi Jennifer, Annai Gunasekaran, Anuradha Rose, Sushil Mathew John, Anuradha Bose and Venkata Raghava Mohan